我写了'm trying to compile a Python wrapper to a small C++ library I' . 我编写了以下 setup.py 脚本来尝试使用 setuptools 来编译包装器：

from setuptools import setup, Extension
import numpy as np
import os

atmcmodule = Extension(
    'atmc',
    include_dirs=[np.get_include(), '/usr/local/include'],
    libraries=['mcopt', 'c++'],  # my C++ library is at ./build/libmcopt.a
    library_dirs=[os.path.abspath('./build')],
    sources=['atmcmodule.cpp'],
    language='c++',
    extra_compile_args=['-std=c++11', '-v'],
    )

setup(name='tracking',
      version='0.1',
      description='Particle tracking and MC optimizer module',
      ext_modules=[atmcmodule],
      )

但是，当我在OS X El Capitan上运行 python setup.py build 时， clang 抱怨没有找到一些C标准库头：

In file included from atmcmodule.cpp:7:
In file included from ./mcopt.h:11:
In file included from ./arma_include.h:4:
/usr/local/include/armadillo:54:12: fatal error: 'initializer_list' file not found
  #include <initializer_list>
           ^
1 error generated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

将 -v 标志传递给编译器会显示它正在搜索以下包含路径：

#include <...> search starts here:
 /Users/[username]/miniconda3/include
 /Users/[username]/miniconda3/lib/python3.4/site-packages/numpy/core/include
 /usr/local/include
 /Users/[username]/miniconda3/include/python3.4m
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/7.0.0/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.

这显然不包括C标准库头的路径 . 如果我使用 -v 选项编译一个小的测试C源，我可以看到 clang++ 通常也搜索路径 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1 ，如果我在 setup.py 选项中的 include_dirs 选项中包含此路径，则扩展模块正确编译并正常工作 . 但是，将此路径硬编码到脚本中似乎不是一个好的解决方案，因为此模块还需要在Linux上运行 .

所以，我的问题是 how do I properly make setuptools include the required headers?

更新（11/22/2015）

当 setuptools 尝试编译扩展时，它会输出它正在运行的第一个命令：

gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/Users/[username]/miniconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/Users/[username]/miniconda3/lib/python3.4/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/Users/[username]/Documents/Code/ar40-aug15/monte_carlo/mcopt -I/usr/local/include -I/Users/[username]/miniconda3/include/python3.4m -c /Users/[username]/Documents/Code/ar40-aug15/monte_carlo/atmc/atmcmodule.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-3.4/Users/[username]/Documents/Code/ar40-aug15/monte_carlo/atmc/atmcmodule.o -std=c++11 -fopenmp -v

如果我将此命令粘贴到终端并自行运行，则扩展程序将成功编译 . 所以我怀疑 setuptools 正在修改一些环境变量我对它实际运行的命令有点了解 .