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Python散点图 . 标记的大小和样式

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我有一组数据要显示为散点图 . 我希望将每个点绘制为大小为 dx 的正方形 .

x = [0.5,0.1,0.3]
          y = [0.2,0.7,0.8]
          z = [10.,15.,12.]
          dx = [0.05,0.2,0.1]

          scatter(x,y,c=z,s=dx,marker='s')

问题是分散函数读取的大小 s 在点^ 2中 . 我'd like is having each point represented by a square of area dx^2, where this area is in '真正的'单位,情节单位 . 我希望你能明白这一点 .

我还有另一个问题 . 散点函数用黑色边框绘制标记,如何删除此选项并且根本没有边框?

4 回答

  • 0

    user data 坐标系转换为 display 坐标系 .

    并使用edgecolors ='none'绘制没有轮廓的面 .

    import numpy as np
    
    fig = figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    dx_in_points = np.diff(ax.transData.transform(zip([0]*len(dx), dx))) 
    scatter(x,y,c=z,s=dx_in_points**2,marker='s', edgecolors='none')
    
  • 40

    如果您想要使用图形大小调整大小的标记,可以使用修补程序:

    from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
    from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
    
    x = [0.5, 0.1, 0.3]
    y = [0.2 ,0.7, 0.8]
    z = [10, 15, 12]
    dx = [0.05, 0.2, 0.1]
    
    cmap = plt.cm.hot
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, aspect='equal')
    
    for x, y, c, h in zip(x, y, z, dx):
        ax.add_artist(Rectangle(xy=(x, y),
                      color=cmap(c**2),        # I did c**2 to get nice colors from your numbers
                      width=h, height=h))      # Gives a square of area h*h
    
    plt.show()
    

    enter image description here

    注意:

    • 方块不以 (x,y) 为中心 . x,y实际上是左下方的坐标 . 我这样简化我的代码 . 你应该使用 (x + dx/2, y + dx/2) .

    • 颜色来自热色图 . 我用z ** 2来给出颜色 . 你也应该根据自己的需要进行调整


    最后是你的第二个问题 . 您可以使用关键字参数 edgecoloredgecolors 来获取散点图的边框 . 它们分别是matplotlib颜色参数或rgba元组序列 . 如果将参数设置为'None',则不绘制边框 .

  • 17

    我想我们可以通过一系列补丁来做得更好 . 根据文件:

    此(PatchCollection)可以更轻松地将颜色映射分配给异构补丁集合 . 这也可以提高绘图速度,因为PatchCollection将比大量补丁绘制得更快 .

    假设您要在数据单元中绘制给定半径的圆的散布:

    def circles(x, y, s, c='b', vmin=None, vmax=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Make a scatter of circles plot of x vs y, where x and y are sequence 
        like objects of the same lengths. The size of circles are in data scale.
    
        Parameters
        ----------
        x,y : scalar or array_like, shape (n, )
            Input data
        s : scalar or array_like, shape (n, ) 
            Radius of circle in data unit.
        c : color or sequence of color, optional, default : 'b'
            `c` can be a single color format string, or a sequence of color
            specifications of length `N`, or a sequence of `N` numbers to be
            mapped to colors using the `cmap` and `norm` specified via kwargs.
            Note that `c` should not be a single numeric RGB or RGBA sequence 
            because that is indistinguishable from an array of values
            to be colormapped. (If you insist, use `color` instead.)  
            `c` can be a 2-D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA, however. 
        vmin, vmax : scalar, optional, default: None
            `vmin` and `vmax` are used in conjunction with `norm` to normalize
            luminance data.  If either are `None`, the min and max of the
            color array is used.
        kwargs : `~matplotlib.collections.Collection` properties
            Eg. alpha, edgecolor(ec), facecolor(fc), linewidth(lw), linestyle(ls), 
            norm, cmap, transform, etc.
    
        Returns
        -------
        paths : `~matplotlib.collections.PathCollection`
    
        Examples
        --------
        a = np.arange(11)
        circles(a, a, a*0.2, c=a, alpha=0.5, edgecolor='none')
        plt.colorbar()
    
        License
        --------
        This code is under [The BSD 3-Clause License]
        (http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause)
        """
        import numpy as np
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        from matplotlib.patches import Circle
        from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
    
        if np.isscalar(c):
            kwargs.setdefault('color', c)
            c = None
        if 'fc' in kwargs: kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', kwargs.pop('fc'))
        if 'ec' in kwargs: kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', kwargs.pop('ec'))
        if 'ls' in kwargs: kwargs.setdefault('linestyle', kwargs.pop('ls'))
        if 'lw' in kwargs: kwargs.setdefault('linewidth', kwargs.pop('lw'))
    
        patches = [Circle((x_, y_), s_) for x_, y_, s_ in np.broadcast(x, y, s)]
        collection = PatchCollection(patches, **kwargs)
        if c is not None:
            collection.set_array(np.asarray(c))
            collection.set_clim(vmin, vmax)
    
        ax = plt.gca()
        ax.add_collection(collection)
        ax.autoscale_view()
        if c is not None:
            plt.sci(collection)
        return collection
    

    scatter 函数的所有参数和关键字(除了 marker )都可以以类似的方式工作 . 我写了gist,包括 circlesellipsessquares / rectangles . 如果你想要一个其他形状的集合,你可以自己修改它 .

    如果要绘制颜色条,只需运行 colorbar() 或将返回的集合对象传递给 colorbar 函数 .

    一个例子:

    from pylab import *
    figure(figsize=(6,4))
    ax = subplot(aspect='equal')
    
    #plot a set of circle
    a = arange(11)
    out = circles(a, a, a*0.2, c=a, alpha=0.5, ec='none')
    colorbar()
    
    #plot one circle (the lower-right one)
    circles(1, 0, 0.4, 'r', ls='--', lw=5, fc='none', transform=ax.transAxes)
    
    xlim(0,10)
    ylim(0,10)
    

    输出:

    Example Figure

  • 21

    为了使Python 3兼容,我添加了以下代码片段

    try:
        basestring
    except NameError:
        basestring = str
    

    How to check if variable is string with python 2 and 3 compatibility

    这是必要的,因为_3302266_在Python 3中不可用 . 在Python 2中, basestring 的目的是包括 strunicode . 在Python 3中, strunicode 之间没有区别,它只是 str .

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