大家好我为Ubuntu 16.04（g 5.4.0）创建了一个c应用程序，并使用了一些poco库 . 我需要在之前的Ubuntu 14.04（g 4.8.4）中安装该应用程序 . 所以我决定用可执行文件分发共享库 . 关于libstdc .so库的发布我跟着帖子Linking libstdc++ statically: any gotchas?我正在使用以下makefile来构建可执行文件：
CC := g++
# Folders
SRCDIR := src
BUILDDIR := build
TARGETDIR := /usr/bin
# Targets
EXECUTABLE := my_app
TARGET := $(TARGETDIR)/$(EXECUTABLE)
SRCEXT := cpp
SOURCES := $(shell find $(SRCDIR) -type f -name *.$(SRCEXT))
OBJECTS := $(patsubst $(SRCDIR)/%,$(BUILDDIR)/%,$(SOURCES:.$(SRCEXT)=.o))
CFLAGS := -c -Wall -std=c++14
INC := -I include
LDFLAGS := '-Wl,-rpath,$$ORIGIN/../share/my_app_data/libs' -L/usr/share/my_app_data/libs
LDLIBS := -lPocoNet -lPocoFoundation -lPocoJSON
$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
@echo " Linking..."
sudo $(CC) $^ -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LDLIBS)
$(BUILDDIR)/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/%.$(SRCEXT)
@mkdir -p $(BUILDDIR)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<
clean:
@echo " Cleaning...";
sudo $(RM) -r $(BUILDDIR) $(TARGET)
.PHONY: clean
我在/ usr / bin和/ usr / share / my_app_data / libs中的libs文件夹中安装了可执行文件 . 当我给 readelf -d my_app 时，我在两个Ubuntu版本中都得到以下内容：
Tag Type Name/Value
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libPocoFoundation.so.48]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libPocoJSON.so.48]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libPocoNet.so.48]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libstdc++.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libm.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libgcc_s.so.1]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x000000000000000f (RPATH) Library rpath: [$ORIGIN/../share/my_app_data/libs]
当我运行my_app时，找不到共享库 . 我使用文件夹/ usr / share / my_app_data / libs更新/etc/ld/so.conf，然后找到poco相关的库 . 但是它找不到libstdc .so.6，即使文件libstdc .so.6.0.21存在于libs文件夹中，我得到以下打印输出：
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.9' not found (required by my_app)
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by my_app)
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by /usr/share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoFoundation.so.48)
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by /usr/share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoFoundation.so.48)
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by /usr/share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoJSON.so.48)
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by /usr/share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoJSON.so.48)
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by /usr/share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoNet.so.48)
my_app: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by /usr/share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoNet.so.48)
libs文件夹中 ls -l 的输出是：
-rwx---rwx 1 root root 2092592 Dec 13 23:06 libPocoFoundation.so.48
-rwx---rwx 1 root root 348488 Dec 13 23:06 libPocoJSON.so.48
-rwx---rwx 1 root root 1225968 Dec 13 23:06 libPocoNet.so.48
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Dec 13 23:07 libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.21
-rw----rwx 1 root root 1566440 Dec 13 23:06 libstdc++.so.6.0.21
file libs/* 的输出是：
libs/libPocoFoundation.so.48: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), dynamically linked, BuildID[sha1]=9b5472754fa836e7be0893d6ed306f63b2cbc4aa, stripped
libs/libPocoJSON.so.48: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), dynamically linked, BuildID[sha1]=fb57d0459e72415f90a1fc32b7bb2f695b49c5d7, stripped
libs/libPocoNet.so.48: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, BuildID[sha1]=175c019baa1ec16d908737443294ed3cf03d3315, stripped
libs/libstdc++.so.6: symbolic link to `libstdc++.so.6.0.21'
libs/libstdc++.so.6.0.21: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), dynamically linked, BuildID[sha1]=b6d9d56d8e8afa9d4b46a60eda985d45dcd51524, stripped
而 ldd my_app 的输出是：
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffcbd394000)
libPocoFoundation.so.48 => /usr/bin/./../share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoFoundation.so.48 (0x00007feddb89a000)
libPocoJSON.so.48 => /usr/bin/./../share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoJSON.so.48 (0x00007feddb645000)
libPocoNet.so.48 => /usr/bin/./../share/my_app_data/libs/libPocoNet.so.48 (0x00007feddb317000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/bin/./../share/my_app_data/libs/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fedd9f99000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fedd9c7f000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fedd9a68000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fedd96a3000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fedd9485000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fedd9280000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007fedd9078000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fedd8180000)
libidn.so.11 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn.so.11 (0x00007fedd7f4d000)
librtmp.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtmp.so.0 (0x00007fedd7d33000)
libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x00007fedd7aeb000)
liblber-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblber-2.4.so.2 (0x00007fedd78dc000)
libldap_r-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libldap_r-2.4.so.2 (0x00007fedd768b000)
libgnutls.so.26 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnutls.so.26 (0x00007fedd73cc000)
libgcrypt.so.11 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcrypt.so.11 (0x00007fedd714c000)
libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3 (0x00007fedd6e81000)
libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x00007fedd6c51000)
libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2 (0x00007fedd6a4d000)
libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x00007fedd6842000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007fedd6626000)
libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00007fedd640b000)
libgssapi.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi.so.3 (0x00007fedd61cd000)
libtasn1.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtasn1.so.6 (0x00007fedd5fb8000)
libp11-kit.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libp11-kit.so.0 (0x00007fedd5d76000)
libgpg-error.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0 (0x00007fedd5b71000)
libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x00007fedd596c000)
libheimntlm.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libheimntlm.so.0 (0x00007fedd5763000)
libkrb5.so.26 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.26 (0x00007fedd54da000)
libasn1.so.8 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasn1.so.8 (0x00007fedd5239000)
libhcrypto.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhcrypto.so.4 (0x00007fedd5006000)
libroken.so.18 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libroken.so.18 (0x00007fedd4df0000)
libffi.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 (0x00007fedd4be8000)
libwind.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwind.so.0 (0x00007fedd49be000)
libheimbase.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libheimbase.so.1 (0x00007fedd47b0000)
libhx509.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhx509.so.5 (0x00007fedd4567000)
我还发现通过在一个库e.x中提供ldd . libPocoFoundation.so.48我明白了
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
因此，my_app可执行文件显示libstdc .so.6的正确路径，而共享库则没有 . 由于这些库不包含使用chrpath的rpath，还有另一种方法可以让它们显示出来
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/share/npt-data/libs/libstdc++.so.6
？