MAC OS X VPN客户端/证书/ Cisco ASA系列-Java 学习之路

我花了很多时间在网上浏览解决方案，但是唉，所以我最后得出结论，这可能是一个有趣的话题要发现 .

这是任务：

1. I need to establish VPN connection from MAC OS X (preferrably built in IPSec client) to remote Cisco ASA 5500.

2. What I have: two certificates, one for VPN connection cyphering, one for remote desktop login. Both of them stored on eToken.

问题在于 Build 连接：在思科官方网站上有关于支持的vpn客户端的评论，并且在IPSec客户端中内置的mac os x似乎是合适的 . 此外，对于ASA 5500，它适用于“l2tp over ipsec”和“Cisco IPSec”模式 . 现在，让我们尝试 Build “Cisco IPSec”（设置>网络>添加连接） . 我有主机地址，帐户名和密码，我确定它是正确的，因为我在Win7中检查过它 .

The most interesting thing is in "Authentication settings": here, I supposed to choose a certificate, but my Keychain reports, that there are no suitable certificates in my Keychain.

原因可能是"type"的证书 . 我拥有的所有证书都被OS X识别为 user certificates ，因此它不能用于授权机器（ by the way, is it right? ） .

好的，如果我们尝试通过IPSec进行l2tp，就会出现同样的问题：我甚至可以从eToken中选择一个用户证书，但我仍然没有机器证书 .

这通常是在Windows中的样子：

运行Cisco VPN客户端
设置主机地址，而不仅仅是选择证书（允许以某种方式选择:)）
点击连接，输入eToken的图钉并连接

So how to set up a connection if:

1. eToken is quite visible with its certs even for native IPsec client.

2. There is a cisco asa 5500 on other end.

OR I would be glad for a hint or a link to where I can find any description about cisco vpn features...

系统：OS X Lion 10.7.4，eToken SafeNet Authentication Client 8.0 .

如果有人知道不同客户的决定 - 很高兴在这里看到它 .

先谢谢！

1 回答

证书颁发机构通过OpenSSL进行管理，目前位于服务器497398（appdr.Company.com）上 .

CA目录结构位于/ etc / pki / CA /中

OpenSSL配置文件位于/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

openssl.cnf文件中最重要的配置条目是：

subjectAltName = DNS:primary-vpn.Company.com,DNS:backup-vpn.Company.com

该行需要=符号周围的空格 .

如果客户应该选择添加另一个防火墙设备，则需要使用另一个DNS：条目中的该FQDN更新此行，并且必须重新创建所有密钥并将其重新发布给用户 .

DFW和ORD中客户帐户上的防火墙设置为使用证书以及用户名/密码通过两阶段身份验证进行身份验证 .

我们使用的是我们在CA上生成并分发给客户端的证书 . 每个防火墙还需要它自己的PFX格式证书以及PEM格式的CA证书的副本 . 防火墙设备的PFX证书不得包含CA证书 . CA证书必须以PEM格式单独导入防火墙！此CA证书成为防火墙上的信任点 .

防火墙还包括在设备上设置的基本用户名/密码验证 .

防火墙证书密钥密码与密码备注中的设备本身一起记录 .

客户端需要连接到每个防火墙的DNS名称，并且必须（截至2013年5月31日）为primary-vpn.Company.com或backup-vpn.Company.com . 不支持通过IP地址连接，因为证书不包含IP地址的subjectAltName . 这是为了支持任何未来的IP更改，而无需重新键入所有客户端和设备 .

每个用户都需要使用openssl和CA密钥生成单独的密钥和证书 . CA密钥密码记录在密码备注中的设备497398（appdr）下 .

您将需要以下证书创建过程的CA密钥密码（openssl ca ...）

如何添加新用户......

在ca-server上：

cd / etc / pki / CA.

生成密钥

openssl genrsa 2048 -out> username.Companyvpn.key

生成CSR

openssl req -new -key username.Companyvpn.key -out username.Companyvpn.csr（OU = username）（Common Name = username）（无密码）

生成证书openssl ca -policy policy_anything -out username.Companyvpn.crt -infiles username.Companyvpn.csr（是签署证书）
生成新的随机密码（12个字符）echo </dev/urandom tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9'| head -c12
使PFX证书/密钥存档openssl pkcs12 -export -out username.Companyvpn.pfx -inkey username.Companyvpn.key -in username.Companyvpn.crt -certfile /etc/pki/CA/certs/CompanyCA.crt（输入随机密码你刚刚生成）
使用此命令验证证书openssl x509 -in username.Companyvpn.crt -text -noout
寻找到期日，应该是一年 .
也寻找这条线：
X509v3主题替代名称
如果您没有看到主题备用名称行 - 停止 - openssl.cnf文件可能有问题!!
联系上级管理员以获取帮助
通过将新PFX文件附加到客户票证并为其提供密码来分发新PFX文件 .

如何创建设备证书/密钥......

在ca-server上：

更改为OpenSSL CA目录cd / etc / pki / CA.
为FW设备生成密钥openssl genrsa 1024> backup-vpn.Company.com.key
为FW设备本身生成CSR openssl req -new -key backup-vpn.Company.com.key -out backup-vpn.Company.com.csr（OU是Kimbia证书）（通用名backup-vpn.Company.com）（没有密码）
从CSR为FW设备生成证书openssl ca -days 3650 -in backup-vpn.Company.com.csr -out backup-vpn.Company.com.crt
为FW设备制作PFX（无捆绑CA证书）openssl pkcs12 -export -out backup-vpn.Company.com.pfx -inkey backup-vpn.Company.com.key -in backup-vpn.Company.com.crt（使用'rack'导出密码或生成随机密码）
Base64编码用于NetSec的PFX存档包含在ASA上，因为Cisco设备需要此openssl base64 -in backup-vpn.Company.com.pfx -out backup-vpn.Company.com.pfx.b64
将Base64编码的PFX存档分发给NetSec团队
将PEM编码的/etc/pki/CA/certs/CompanyCA.crt分发给NetSec团队

天堂禁止，如果你需要重新生成CA证书和密钥，这里是流程......

将目录更改为CA cd / etc / pki / CA.
生成密钥openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/CompanyCA.key -des3 2048
生成证书openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/CompanyCA.key -days 3650> /etc/pki/CA/certs/CompanyCA.crt
您现在必须重新生成所有设备密钥和证书，重新配置所有设备，并根据上述说明重新生成所有用户密钥和证书 .
我们已设置2023的当前CA /设备集的到期时间，以避免再次执行此操作 .

撤消特定证书并禁用用户...

在ca-server上：

将目录更改为CA cd / etc / pki / CA.
撤销证书openssl ca -revoke username.Companyvpn.crt
让NetSec从防火墙中删除用户名和隧道组条目 .

这是当前的/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf截至2013年5月31日

#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME            = .
RANDFILE        = $ENV::HOME/.rnd

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file       = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section     = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:

#extensions     = v3_req,v3_ca

# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca  = CA_default        # The default ca section

####################################################################
[ CA_default ]

dir     = /etc/pki/CA       # Where everything is kept
certs       = $dir/certs        # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir     = $dir/crl      # Where the issued crl are kept
database    = $dir/index.txt    # database index file.
#unique_subject = no            # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
                    # several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts     # default place for new certs.

certificate = $certs/CompanyCA.crt  # The CA certificate
serial      = $dir/serial       # The current serial number
crlnumber   = $dir/crlnumber    # the current crl number
                    # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl     = $dir/crl.pem      # The current CRL
private_key = $dir/private/CompanyCA.key # The private key
RANDFILE    = $dir/private/.rand    # private random number file

x509_extensions = usr_cert      # The extentions to add to the cert

# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt    = ca_default        # Subject Name options
cert_opt    = ca_default        # Certificate field options

# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions    = crl_ext

default_days    = 365           # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30            # how long before next CRL
default_md  = default       # use public key default MD
preserve    = no            # keep passed DN ordering

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy      = policy_match

# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName     = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName    = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName      = supplied
emailAddress        = optional

# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName     = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName        = optional
organizationName    = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName      = supplied
emailAddress        = optional

####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits        = 2048
default_md      = sha1
default_keyfile     = privkey.pem
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
attributes      = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert

# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret

# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options. 
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix   : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
string_mask = utf8only

req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default     = US
countryName_min         = 2
countryName_max         = 2

stateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = Texas

localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default    = AmericanCity

0.organizationName      = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default  = Software Company Inc

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName     = Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName      = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
#organizationalUnitName_default = Software Company Certificate

commonName          = Common Name (eg, your name or your server\'s hostname)
commonName_max          = 64

emailAddress            = Email Address
emailAddress_max        = 64

# SET-ex3           = SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword       = A challenge password
challengePassword_min       = 4
challengePassword_max       = 20

unstructuredName        = An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType            = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl      = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName

# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping

subjectAltName = DNS:primary-vpn.Company.com,DNS:backup-vpn.Company.com

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

#subjectAltName = DNS:primary-vpn.Company.com
#subjectAltName = IP:122.123.321.221

#subjectAltName=IP:221.321.123.122,DNS:backup-vpn.Company.com
#subjectAltName=IP:122.123.321.221,DNS:primary-vpn.Company.com
# Changing from IP+DNS to just DNS to mitigate future IP change issues
# Added quotes 130530-07939


[ v3_ca ]


# Extensions for a typical CA


# PKIX recommendation.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer

# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical
# extensions.
#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
# So we do this instead.
basicConstraints = CA:true

# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA

# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF

subjectAltName = DNS:primary-vpn.Company.com,DNS:backup-vpn.Company.com

[ crl_ext ]

# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ proxy_cert_ext ]
# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType            = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer


###################################################
###################################################

###Change the subjectAltName per DC####

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy

# MOVED THIS UNDER [ v3_req ] above
##
#subjectAltName=IP:221.321.123.122,DNS:backup-vpn.Company.com
#subjectAltName=IP:122.123.321.221,DNS:primary-vpn.Company.com
# Changing from IP+DNS to just DNS to mitigate future IP change issues
#subjectAltName="DNS:primary-vpn.Company.com"


#####################################################
#####################################################

# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl      = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName

# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo

####################################################################
[ tsa ]

default_tsa = tsa_config1   # the default TSA section

[ tsa_config1 ]

# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
dir     = ./demoCA      # TSA root directory
serial      = $dir/tsaserial    # The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device   = builtin       # OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem  # The TSA signing certificate
                    # (optional)
certs       = $dir/cacert.pem   # Certificate chain to include in reply
                    # (optional)
signer_key  = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)

default_policy  = tsa_policy1       # Policy if request did not specify it
                    # (optional)
other_policies  = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3  # acceptable policies (optional)
digests     = md5, sha1     # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy    = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100  # (optional)
clock_precision_digits  = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering        = yes   # Is ordering defined for timestamps?
                # (optional, default: no)
tsa_name        = yes   # Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
                # (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain   = no    # Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
                # (optional, default: no)

回复于 2024-04-25T09:53:23+08:00

MAC OS X VPN客户端/证书/ Cisco ASA系列

1 回答

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