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如何从unix连接到oracle数据库

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我正在尝试从我的unix机器连接到oracle数据库 . 我是剧本写作的新手 . 我知道如何浏览循环unix并编写基本脚本（读/显示）并使用bash命令执行它们 . 我也知道如何在unix（用户和系统）中查看变量 . 你能告诉我连接到oracle数据库需要做什么吗？使用sqlplus命令？在那之前我必须设置任何变量吗？

database oracle shell unix sqlplus

3 回答

  • 1

    你能告诉我连接到oracle数据库需要做什么吗？使用sqlplus命令？

    嗯，是的，当然，你需要使用SQL * Plus . 但是，在此之前，您需要确保一些事情：

    • export ORACLE_HOME变量

    例如，

    export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
    • 导出PATH变量

    例如，

    export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
    • 导出SID

    例如，

    export ORACLE_SID="your database service name"

    • 确保正确配置了 tnsnames.ora

    • 确保 listener 已启动并正在运行并正在侦听正确的端口 .

    您应该能够连接到数据库：

    sqlplus username/password@sid
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  • 1

    设置ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID环境变量 . 然后使用sqlplus用户名@ ORACLE_SID

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  • 0

    确保您已在unix用户路径环境中导出所有必需的Oracle变量，如下所示：

    ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

    并确保正确配置tnsnames.ora文件，并且应该启动并运行侦听器，如下所示 .

    [oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 23:12:35
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
::1         localhost
192.168.244.128 ole1
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$

    现在，您有多种方法可以从unix命令提示符连接数据库 .

    [oracle @ OLE1~] $ sqlplus scott / tiger

    [oracle @ OLE1~] $ sqlplus scott / tiger @ orcl

    [oracle @ OLE1~] $ sqlplus scott /tiger@192.168.244.128:1521 / orcl

    [oracle @ OLE1~] $ sqlplus scott / tiger @ // 192.168.244.128:1521/orcl

    [oracle @ OLE1~] $ sqlplus“scott / tiger @（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS =（PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = ole1）（PORT = 1521））（CONNECT_DATA =（SERVER = DEDICATED）（SERVICE_NAME = orcl））） “

    [oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:29:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 


[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@//192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus "scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)))"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 13 12:30:23 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 
SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
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