以编程方式创建具有颜色渐变的UIView-Java 学习之路

243

我正在尝试在运行时生成具有渐变颜色背景（纯色到透明）的视图 . 有没有办法做到这一点？

19 回答

619

您可以创建自定义类 GradientView ：

Swift 4, Swift 3

class GradientView: UIView {
    override open class var layerClass: AnyClass {
       return CAGradientLayer.classForCoder()
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        let gradientLayer = layer as! CAGradientLayer
        gradientLayer.colors = [UIColor.white.cgColor, UIColor.black.cgColor]
    }
}

在故事板中，将类类型设置为您想要具有渐变背景的任何视图：

这在以下方面更好：

无需设置 CLayer 的框架
在 UIView 上照常使用 NSConstraint
不需要创建子图层（减少内存使用）

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

我在swift中实现了这个扩展：

Swift 3

extension UIView {
    func addGradientWithColor(color: UIColor) {
        let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
        gradient.frame = self.bounds
        gradient.colors = [UIColor.clear.cgColor, color.cgColor]

        self.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)
    }
}

Swift 2.2

extension UIView {
    func addGradientWithColor(color: UIColor) {
        let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
        gradient.frame = self.bounds
        gradient.colors = [UIColor.clearColor().CGColor, color.CGColor]

        self.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
    }
}

不，我可以像这样在每个视图上设置渐变：

myImageView.addGradientWithColor(UIColor.blue)

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

Objective-C：

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 50)];
CAGradientLayer *gradient = [CAGradientLayer layer];

gradient.frame = view.bounds;
gradient.colors = @[(id)[UIColor whiteColor].CGColor, (id)[UIColor blackColor].CGColor];

[view.layer insertSublayer:gradient atIndex:0];

斯威夫特：

let view = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 50))
let gradient = CAGradientLayer()

gradient.frame = view.bounds
gradient.colors = [UIColor.white.cgColor, UIColor.black.cgColor]

view.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)

Info ：使用startPoint和endPoint到change direction of gradient .

如果在此 UIView 上添加了任何其他视图（例如 UILabel ），您可能需要考虑将 UIView 的背景颜色设置为 [UIColor clearColor] ，以便显示渐变视图而不是子视图的背景颜色 . 使用 clearColor 会有轻微的性能影响 .

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

20
调用上面的解决方案来更新层是一个好主意
```
viewDidLayoutSubviews 
```
正确更新视图
回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

A Swift Approach

这个答案 Build 在上面的答案的基础上，并提供了处理旋转期间未正确应用的梯度问题的实现 . 它通过将渐变层更改为正方形来满足此问题，以便在所有方向上的旋转产生正确的渐变 . 函数签名包含一个Swift可变参数，允许根据需要传入尽可能多的CGColorRef（CGColor）（参见示例用法） . 还提供了作为Swift扩展的示例，以便可以将渐变应用于任何UIView .

func configureGradientBackground(colors:CGColorRef...){

        let gradient: CAGradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
        let maxWidth = max(self.view.bounds.size.height,self.view.bounds.size.width)
        let squareFrame = CGRect(origin: self.view.bounds.origin, size: CGSizeMake(maxWidth, maxWidth))
        gradient.frame = squareFrame

        gradient.colors = colors
        view.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
    }

To use:

在viewDidLoad中......

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        configureGradientBackground(UIColor.redColor().CGColor, UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor)
  }

Extension implementation

extension CALayer {


    func configureGradientBackground(colors:CGColorRef...){

        let gradient = CAGradientLayer()

        let maxWidth = max(self.bounds.size.height,self.bounds.size.width)
        let squareFrame = CGRect(origin: self.bounds.origin, size: CGSizeMake(maxWidth, maxWidth))
        gradient.frame = squareFrame

        gradient.colors = colors

        self.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
    }

}

扩展用例示例：

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        self.view.layer.configureGradientBackground(UIColor.purpleColor().CGColor, UIColor.blueColor().CGColor, UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor)
 }

这意味着渐变背景现在可以应用于任何UIControl，因为所有控件都是UIViews（或子类），并且所有UIView都有CALayers .

Swift 4

扩展实施

extension CALayer {
    public func configureGradientBackground(_ colors:CGColor...){

        let gradient = CAGradientLayer()

        let maxWidth = max(self.bounds.size.height,self.bounds.size.width)
        let squareFrame = CGRect(origin: self.bounds.origin, size: CGSize(width: maxWidth, height: maxWidth))
        gradient.frame = squareFrame

        gradient.colors = colors

        self.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)
    }    
}

扩展用例示例：

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    self.view.layer.configureGradientBackground(UIColor.purple.cgColor, UIColor.blue.cgColor, UIColor.white.cgColor)
}

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

1
SWIFT 3

To add a gradient layer on your view
- 绑定您的视图插座
```
@IBOutlet var YOURVIEW : UIView!
```
- 定义CAGradientLayer（）
```
var gradient = CAGradientLayer()
```
- 以下是您必须在viewDidLoad中编写的代码
YOURVIEW.layoutIfNeeded()

gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: CGFloat(0), y: CGFloat(1)) gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: CGFloat(1), y: CGFloat(0)) gradient.frame = YOURVIEW.bounds gradient.colors = [UIColor.red.cgColor, UIColor.green.cgColor] gradient.colors = [ UIColor(red: 255.0/255.0, green: 56.0/255.0, blue: 224.0/255.0, alpha: 1.0).cgColor,UIColor(red: 86.0/255.0, green: 13.0/255.0, blue: 232.0/255.0, alpha: 1.0).cgColor,UIColor(red: 16.0/255.0, green: 173.0/255.0, blue: 245.0/255.0, alpha: 1.0).cgColor] gradient.locations = [0.0 ,0.6 ,1.0] YOURVIEW.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)
回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00
3

你在找什么是 CAGradientLayer . 每个 UIView 都有一个图层 - 您可以在该图层中添加子图层，就像添加子视图一样 . 一个特定的类型是 CAGradientLayer ，您可以在其中为它们提供一系列颜色以进行渐变 .

一个例子是这个简单的渐变视图包装器：

http://oleb.net/blog/2010/04/obgradientview-a-simple-uiview-wrapper-for-cagradientlayer/

请注意，您需要包含QuartZCore框架才能访问UIView的所有图层部分 .

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

由于我在整个应用程序中只需要一种渐变，因此我创建了一个UIView的子类，并在初始化时使用固定颜色预先配置了渐变层 . UIView的初始化程序调用configureGradientLayer-method，它配置CAGradientLayer：

DDGradientView.h:

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface DDGradientView : UIView {

}
@end

DDGradientView.m:

#import "DDGradientView.h"

@implementation DDGradientView

// Change the views layer class to CAGradientLayer class
+ (Class)layerClass
{
    return [CAGradientLayer class];
}

- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
    self = [super initWithCoder:aDecoder];
    if(self) {
        [self configureGradientLayer];
    }
    return self;
}

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
    if(self) {
        [self configureGradientLayer];
    }
    return self;
}

// Make custom configuration of your gradient here   
- (void)configureGradientLayer {
    CAGradientLayer *gLayer = (CAGradientLayer *)self.layer;
    gLayer.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)[[UIColor whiteColor] CGColor], (id)[[UIColor lightGrayColor] CGColor], nil];
}
@end

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

我使用Swift的扩展功能和枚举扩展了接受的答案 .

哦，如果你像我一样使用Storyboard，请务必在 viewDidLayoutSubviews() 或之后调用 gradientBackground(from:to:direction:) .

Swift 3

enum GradientDirection {
    case leftToRight
    case rightToLeft
    case topToBottom
    case bottomToTop
}

extension UIView {
    func gradientBackground(from color1: UIColor, to color2: UIColor, direction: GradientDirection) {
        let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
        gradient.frame = self.bounds
        gradient.colors = [color1.cgColor, color2.cgColor]

        switch direction {
        case .leftToRight:
            gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 0.5)
            gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 1.0, y: 0.5)
        case .rightToLeft:
            gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 1.0, y: 0.5)
            gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 0.5)
        case .bottomToTop:
            gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.5, y: 1.0)
            gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.5, y: 0.0)
        default:
            break
        }

        self.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)
    }
}

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

在Swift 3.1中，我已将此扩展添加到UIView

import Foundation
import UIKit
import CoreGraphics


extension UIView {
    func gradientOfView(withColours: UIColor...) {

        var cgColours = [CGColor]()

        for colour in withColours {
            cgColours.append(colour.cgColor)
        }
        let grad = CAGradientLayer()
        grad.frame = self.bounds
        grad.colors = cgColours
        self.layer.insertSublayer(grad, at: 0)
    }
}

然后我打电话给他

class OverviewVC: UIViewController {

        override func viewDidLoad() {
            super.viewDidLoad()

            self.view.gradientOfView(withColours: UIColor.red,UIColor.green, UIColor.blue)

        }
}

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

Swift 4:

在IB中正确显示渐变：

@IBDesignable public class GradientView: UIView {

    override open class var layerClass: AnyClass {
        return CAGradientLayer.classForCoder()
    }

    required public init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        configureGradientLayer()
    }

    public override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        configureGradientLayer()
    }

    func configureGradientLayer() {
        let gradientLayer = layer as! CAGradientLayer
        gradientLayer.colors = [UIColor(hex: 0x003399).cgColor, UIColor(hex: 0x00297b).cgColor]
    }
}

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

To give gradient color to UIView (swift 4.2)

func makeGradientLayer(`for` object : UIView, startPoint : CGPoint, endPoint : CGPoint, gradientColors : [Any]) -> CAGradientLayer {
        let gradient: CAGradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
        gradient.colors = gradientColors
        gradient.locations = [0.0 , 1.0]
        gradient.startPoint = startPoint
        gradient.endPoint = endPoint
        gradient.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, w: object.frame.size.width, h: object.frame.size.height)
        return gradient
    }

How to use

let start : CGPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 1.0)
let end : CGPoint = CGPoint(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)

let gradient: CAGradientLayer = makeGradientLayer(for: cell, startPoint: start, endPoint: end, gradientColors: [
                    UIColor(red:0.92, green:0.07, blue:0.4, alpha:1).cgColor,
                    UIColor(red:0.93, green:0.11, blue:0.14, alpha:1).cgColor
                    ])

self.vwTemp.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

尝试这对我来说就像一个魅力，

Objective C

我已将 RGB 渐变背景颜色设置为 UIview

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,0,320,35)];
   CAGradientLayer *gradient = [CAGradientLayer layer];
   gradient.frame = view.bounds;
   gradient.startPoint = CGPointZero;
   gradient.endPoint = CGPointMake(1, 1);
   gradient.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)[[UIColor colorWithRed:34.0/255.0 green:211/255.0 blue:198/255.0 alpha:1.0] CGColor],(id)[[UIColor colorWithRed:145/255.0 green:72.0/255.0 blue:203/255.0 alpha:1.0] CGColor], nil];
   [view.layer addSublayer:gradient];

UPDATED :- Swift3 +

Code ： -

var gradientView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 35))
 let gradientLayer:CAGradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
 gradientLayer.frame.size = self.gradientView.frame.size
 gradientLayer.colors = 
 [UIColor.white.cgColor,UIColor.red.withAlphaComponent(1).cgColor] 
//Use diffrent colors
 gradientView.layer.addSublayer(gradientLayer)

您可以添加渐变颜色的起点和终点 .

gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 1.0)
  gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)

有关详细说明，请参阅CAGradientLayer Doc

希望这对某些人有所帮助 .

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

我的解决方案是创建 UIView 子类，其中 CAGradientLayer 可作为只读属性访问 . 这样您就可以根据需要自定义渐变，而不需要自己处理布局更改 . 子类实现：

@interface GradientView : UIView

@property (nonatomic, readonly) CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer;

@end

@implementation GradientView

+ (Class)layerClass
{
    return [CAGradientLayer class];
}

- (CAGradientLayer *)gradientLayer
{
    return (CAGradientLayer *)self.layer;
}

@end

用法：

self.iconBackground = [GradientView new];
[self.background addSubview:self.iconBackground];
self.iconBackground.gradientLayer.colors = @[(id)[UIColor blackColor].CGColor, (id)[UIColor whiteColor].CGColor];
self.iconBackground.gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(1.0f, 1.0f);
self.iconBackground.gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(0.0f, 0.0f);

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

这是我推荐的方法 .

为了提高可重用性，我想创建一个 CAGradientLayer 的类别，并将所需的渐变添加为类方法 . 在 header 文件中指定它们，如下所示：

#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@interface CAGradientLayer (SJSGradients)

+ (CAGradientLayer *)redGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)blueGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)turquoiseGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)flavescentGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)whiteGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)chocolateGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)tangerineGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)pastelBlueGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)yellowGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)purpleGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)greenGradientLayer;

@end

然后在您的实现文件中，使用以下语法指定每个渐变：

+ (CAGradientLayer *)flavescentGradientLayer
{
    UIColor *topColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:1 green:0.92 blue:0.56 alpha:1];
    UIColor *bottomColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.18 green:0.18 blue:0.18 alpha:1];

    NSArray *gradientColors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)topColor.CGColor, (id)bottomColor.CGColor, nil];
    NSArray *gradientLocations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:0.0],[NSNumber numberWithInt:1.0], nil];

    CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer];
    gradientLayer.colors = gradientColors;
    gradientLayer.locations = gradientLocations;

    return gradientLayer;
}

然后只需在 ViewController 或任何其他所需的 subclass 中导入此类别，并像这样使用它：

CAGradientLayer *backgroundLayer = [CAGradientLayer purpleGradientLayer];
backgroundLayer.frame = self.view.frame;
[self.view.layer insertSublayer:backgroundLayer atIndex:0];

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

extension UIView {

    func applyGradient(isTopBottom: Bool, colorArray: [UIColor]) {
        if let sublayers = layer.sublayers {
            let _ = sublayers.filter({ $0 is CAGradientLayer }).map({ $0.removeFromSuperlayer() })
        }

        let gradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
        gradientLayer.colors = colorArray.map({ $0.cgColor })
        if isTopBottom {
            gradientLayer.locations = [0.0, 1.0]
        } else {
            //leftRight
            gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 0.5)
            gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 1.0, y: 0.5)
        }

        backgroundColor = .clear
        gradientLayer.frame = bounds
        layer.insertSublayer(gradientLayer, at: 0)
    }

}

用法

someView.applyGradient(isTopBottom: true, colorArray: [.green, .blue])

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

我在我的代码中实现了这一点 .

UIView *view1 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, self.view.frame.size.width, 31.0f)];
view1.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
CAGradientLayer *gradient = [CAGradientLayer layer];
gradient.frame = view1.bounds;
UIColor *topColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:132.0/255.0 green:222.0/255.0 blue:109.0/255.0 alpha:1.0];
UIColor *bottomColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:31.0/255.0 green:150.0/255.0 blue:99.0/255.0 alpha:1.0];
gradient.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)[topColor CGColor], (id)[bottomColor CGColor], nil];


[view1.layer insertSublayer:gradient atIndex:0];

现在我可以在视图上看到渐变 .

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

Swift Implementation:

var gradientLayerView: UIView = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, view.bounds.width, 50))
var gradient: CAGradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
gradient.frame = gradientLayerView.bounds
gradient.colors = [UIColor.grayColor().CGColor, UIColor.clearColor().CGColor]
gradientLayerView.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
self.view.layer.insertSublayer(gradientLayerView.layer, atIndex: 0)

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

基于雨辰版本的简单快速视图

class GradientView: UIView {
    override class func layerClass() -> AnyClass { return CAGradientLayer.self }

    lazy var gradientLayer: CAGradientLayer = {
        return self.layer as! CAGradientLayer
    }()

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
    }

}

那么你可以像这样初始化后使用gradientLayer ...

someView.gradientLayer.colors = [UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor, UIColor.blackColor().CGColor]

回复于 2024-04-20T19:02:32+08:00

以编程方式创建具有颜色渐变的UIView

19 回答

Objective-C：

斯威夫特：

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