插入到automap生成的ORM时SQLAlchemy InvalidRequestError

我正在尝试使用SQLAlchemy automap扩展为现有数据库生成ORM，并且收到InvalidRequestError异常（“实例无法刷新 - 它不是持久性的，并且不包含完整的主键 . ”）每当我尝试插入到使用由时间戳和外键组成的复合主键的表中 .

这是一些重现问题的最小示例代码：

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, func, select
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import text
from sqlalchemy.ext.automap import automap_base

db_schema_cmds = [
    '''CREATE TABLE users
    (
        u_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
        name TEXT NOT NULL,
        CONSTRAINT Key1 PRIMARY KEY (u_id)
    );''',
    '''CREATE TABLE posts
    (
        timestamp TEXT NOT NULL,
        text TEXT NOT NULL,
        u_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
        CONSTRAINT Key2 PRIMARY KEY (timestamp,u_id),
        CONSTRAINT users_have_posts FOREIGN KEY (u_id) REFERENCES users (u_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
    );''']

# Create a new in-memory SQLite DB and execute the schema SQL commands.
db_engine = create_engine('sqlite://')
with db_engine.connect() as db_conn:
    for cmd in db_schema_cmds:
        db_conn.execute(text(cmd))

# Use automap to reflect the DB schema and generate ORM classes.
Base = automap_base()
Base.prepare(db_engine, reflect=True)

# Create aliases for the table classes generated.
User = Base.classes.users
Post = Base.classes.posts

session_factory = sessionmaker()
session_factory.configure(bind=db_engine)

# Add a user and a post to the DB.
session = session_factory()
new_user = User(name="John")
session.add(new_user)
session.commit()
new_post = Post(users=new_user, text='this is a test', timestamp=func.now())
session.add(new_post)
session.commit()

# Verify that the insertion worked.
new_user_id = session.execute(select([User])).fetchone()['u_id']
new_post_fk_user_id = session.execute(select([Post])).fetchone()['u_id']
assert new_user_id == new_post_fk_user_id

session.close()

运行此命令会提供以下回溯：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "reproduce_InvalidRequestError.py", line 67, in <module>
    session.commit()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 801, in commit
    self.transaction.commit()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 392, in commit
    self._prepare_impl()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 372, in _prepare_impl
    self.session.flush()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2019, in flush
    self._flush(objects)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2137, in _flush
    transaction.rollback(_capture_exception=True)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\langhelpers.py", line 60, in __exit__
    compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py", line 186, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2107, in _flush
    flush_context.finalize_flush_changes()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\unitofwork.py", line 395, in finalize_flush_changes
    self.session._register_newly_persistent(other)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 1510, in _register_newly_persistent
    instance_key = mapper._identity_key_from_state(state)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\mapper.py", line 2417, in _identity_key_from_state
    for col in self.primary_key
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\mapper.py", line 2417, in <listcomp>
    for col in self.primary_key
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\attributes.py", line 578, in get
    value = state._load_expired(state, passive)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\state.py", line 474, in _load_expired
    self.manager.deferred_scalar_loader(self, toload)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\loading.py", line 647, in load_scalar_attributes
    "contain a full primary key." % state_str(state))
sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError: Instance <posts at 0x45d45f8> cannot be refreshed - it's not  persistent and does not contain a full primary key.

如果我在 create_engine 调用中添加一个 echo=True 参数，我看到它为插入生成了以下SQL . 当我在DB浏览器中运行SQLite时，此SQL工作正常 .

INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine BEGIN (implicit)
INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT users.u_id AS users_u_id, users.name AS users_name FROM users WHERE users.u_id = ?
INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine (1,)
INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine INSERT INTO posts (timestamp, text, u_id) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, ?, ?)
INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ('this is a test', 1)
INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ROLLBACK

我还尝试从 Post() 删除 users 参数，而是在调用 session.add(new_post) 之前添加行 new_user.posts_collection.append(new_post) ，但这导致生成相同的SQL并发生相同的错误 .

如果我用新的整数PK列替换复合键，一切正常 . （虽然不是一个理想的解决方案，因为我使用 automap 的原因是为了反映现有的数据库，所以它是's preferable not to have to modify that DB'架构 . ）

我发现了一个类似的问题，SQLAlchemy InvalidRequestError when using composite foreign keys，但这似乎与在表ORM类中使用继承有关，而解决方案依赖于定义ORM表类，而不是反映DB来生成它们 .

编辑：我原先假设这个问题与我的复合主键包含外键的事实有关 . 接受的答案表明，外键实际上并不是解决问题的因素 .