缺少什么：make：***没有规则来制定目标-Java 学习之路

我喜欢将我的C环境从Windows上的Visual Studio转移到在MacOS或Ubuntu上构建简单的软件 .

这样做的测试项目（小蛇游戏）包含以下结构

Snake
|- bin
|- data
|- docs
|- lib
|- inc
   |- application
         |- app_main.h
         |- app_game_state.h
         |- app_load_map_state.h
         |- app_main_menu_state.h
         |- app_play_state.h
         |- app_shutdown_state.h
         |- app_startup_state.h
         |- app_state.h
         |- app_unload_map_state.h
   |- core
   |- graphics
   |- gui
   |- logic
   |- world
|- intern
   |- build
      |- obj
   |- tests
   |- src
      |- application
         |- Makefile
         |- main.cpp
         |- app_main.cpp
         |- app_game_state.cpp
         |- app_load_map_state.cpp
         |- app_main_menu_state.cpp
         |- app_play_state.cpp
         |- app_shutdown_state.cpp
         |- app_startup_state.cpp
         |- app_state.cpp
         |- app_unload_map_state.cpp
      |- core
      |- graphics
      |- gui
      |- logic
      |- world

Makefile 的结构如下：

IDIR = ../../../inc
CC = g++
CFLAGS = -I$(IDIR)

ODIR = ../../build/obj
LDIR = ../../../lib

VPATH = ../core:../graphics/:../gui/:../logic/:../world/

_DEPS = app_game_state.h app_load_map_state.h app_main.h app_main_menu_state.h app_play_state.h app_shutdown_state.h app_startup_state.h app_state.h app_unload_map_state.h
DEPS = $(patsubst %,$(IDIR)/%,$(_DEPS))

_OBJ = main.o app_game_state.o app_load_map_state.o app_main.o app_main_menu_state.o app_play_state.o app_shutdown_state.o app_startup_state.o app_state.o app_unload_map_state.o
OBJ = $(patsubst %,$(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

main: $(OBJ)
    g++ -o $@ $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

.PHONY: clean

clean:
    rm -f $(ODIR)/*.o *~core $(INCDIR)/*~

我的目标是将我从this excellent beginner tutorial on Makefiles学到的东西移植到我自己的架构中 . 教程 make 命令在我的机器上运行没有问题 . 所以我想我错过了什么 .

因为我有点难以理解这些概念 . 即使我想了解基础知识，当我从 intern/src/application 运行make时，make命令会返回 make: *** No rule to make target '../../build/obj/main.o', needed by 'main'. Stop. 错误

为了解决这个问题，我试图将gcc makefile error: "No rule to make target ..."的解决方案应用到我的代码中 - 但没有成功 .

我的Makefile中的错误在哪里，我不明白的是什么？

Edit: 这是启用-d标志的make输出（由于消息中符号的stackoverflows限制，必须从头开始删除一些代码）

GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program built for i386-apple-darwin11.3.0
Reading makefiles...
Reading makefile `Makefile'...
...
    Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.S'.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.S,v'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.S,v'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.S'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `s.Makefile.S'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.S'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
   Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.S'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.mod'.
   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.mod'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.mod,v'.
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    Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.mod,v'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.mod'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `s.Makefile.mod'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.mod'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.c'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.cc'.
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  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.C'.
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  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.S'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.mod'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.sh'.
  Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.sh'.
   Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.sh'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.sh,v'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.sh'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `s.Makefile.sh'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.sh'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.sh'.
  No implicit rule found for `Makefile'.
  Finished prerequisites of target file `Makefile'.
 No need to remake target `Makefile'.
Updating goal targets....
Considering target file `main'.
 File `main' does not exist.
  Considering target file `../../build/obj/main.o'.
   File `../../build/obj/main.o' does not exist.
   Looking for an implicit rule for `../../build/obj/main.o'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `main.cpp'.
   Trying rule prerequisite `../../../inc/app_game_state.h'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.c'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
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   Trying rule prerequisite `../../../inc/app_game_state.h'.
   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `../../../inc/app_game_state.h'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `app_game_state.h'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../../inc/app_game_state.h,v'.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `app_game_state.h'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.c'.
   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `../../build/obj/main.c'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.y'.
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     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
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     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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    Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.w'.
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    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.web'.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
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    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.r'.
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     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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     Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.l'.
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   Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.F'.
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   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `../../build/obj/main.m'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.ym'.
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    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.lm'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `main.m'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.m,v'.
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    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.ym'.
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     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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   Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.r'.
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   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `../../build/obj/main.s'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.S'.
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    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/RCS/main.s'.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.S'.
    Looking for a rule with intermediate file `../../build/obj/main.S'.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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     Trying pattern rule with stem `main.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.S,v'.
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     Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/SCCS/s.main.S'.
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   Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.S'.
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   Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.mod'.
   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `../../build/obj/main.mod'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `main.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/SCCS/s.main.mod'.
   No implicit rule found for `../../build/obj/main.o'.
   Finished prerequisites of target file `../../build/obj/main.o'.
  Must remake target `../../build/obj/main.o'.

2 回答

0
规则的依赖关系
```
$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)
```
不满意： make 找到 main.cpp 确定它找不到 $(DEPS) 的依赖项 . 您可以通过将 IDIR 指向正确的目录来解决问题：
```
IDIR = = ../../../inc/application
```
不可否认，错误消息并不完全有用 .
回复于 2024-05-20T02:14:22+08:00
3
我不知道为什么你的下面隐式规则不起作用 .
```
$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)
```
但是，在它的位置，请尝试使用以下static pattern rule来制作目标文件：
```
$(OBJ): $(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)
```
这里有一个非常类似的问题 - GNU Make pattern to build output in different directory than src . 我尝试了你已经显示的目录设置的答案，并且它有效 .

如果我应该将此作为评论添加，请告诉我 . 我无法弄清楚哪个是对的 .
回复于 2024-05-20T02:14:22+08:00

缺少什么：make：***没有规则来制定目标

2 回答

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