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在Java中将文件转换为byte []

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如何将 java.io.File 转换为 byte[]

21 回答

  • 1084

    Guava 有Files.toByteArray()为您提供 . 它有几个优点:

    • 它涵盖了文件报告长度为0但仍有内容的角落情况

    • 它经过高度优化,如果在尝试加载文件之前尝试读取大文件,则会出现OutOfMemoryException . (通过巧妙地使用file.length())

    • 您不必重新发明轮子 .

  • 73

    另一种从文件中读取字节的方法

    Reader reader = null;
        try {
            reader = new FileReader(file);
            char buf[] = new char[8192];
            int len;
            StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
            while ((len = reader.read(buf)) >= 0) {
                s.append(buf, 0, len);
                byte[] byteArray = s.toString().getBytes();
            }
        } catch(FileNotFoundException ex) {
        } catch(IOException e) {
        }
        finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
        }
    
  • 3

    ReadFully 从当前文件指针开始,将此文件中的b.length个字节读入字节数组 . 此方法从文件中重复读取,直到读取所请求的字节数 . 此方法将一直阻塞,直到读取所请求的字节数,检测到流的末尾或抛出异常 .

    RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "r");
    byte[] b = new byte[(int)f.length()];
    f.readFully(b);
    
  • 1

    JDK 7 您可以使用Files.readAllBytes(Path) .

    例:

    import java.io.File;
    import java.nio.file.Files;
    
    File file;
    // ...(file is initialised)...
    byte[] fileContent = Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath());
    
  • 5

    自JDK 7 - 一个班轮:

    byte[] array = Files.readAllBytes(new File("/path/to/file").toPath());
    

    不需要外部依赖 .

  • 64
    import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
    RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "r");
    byte[] b = new byte[(int)f.length()];
    f.readFully(b);
    

    Java 8的文档:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/RandomAccessFile.html

  • 19

    有人说,Apache Commons File Utils可能有你想要的东西

    public static byte[] readFileToByteArray(File file) throws IOException
    

    使用示例( Program.java ):

    import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
    public class Program {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            File file = new File(args[0]);  // assume args[0] is the path to file
            byte[] data = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
            ...
        }
    }
    
  • 16

    Simple way to do it:

    File fff = new File("/path/to/file");
    FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fff);
    
    // int byteLength = fff.length(); 
    
    // In android the result of file.length() is long
    long byteLength = fff.length(); // byte count of the file-content
    
    byte[] filecontent = new byte[(int) byteLength];
    fileInputStream.read(filecontent, 0, (int) byteLength);
    
  • 13
    import java.io.File;
    import java.nio.file.Files;
    import java.nio.file.Path;
    
    File file = getYourFile();
    Path path = file.toPath();
    byte[] data = Files.readAllBytes(path);
    
  • 11

    如果要将字节读入预先分配的字节缓冲区,这个答案可能有所帮助 .

    你的第一个猜测可能是使用InputStream read(byte[]) . 但是,这种方法存在一个缺陷,使其难以使用:即使没有遇到EOF,也无法保证阵列实际上会被完全填满 .

    相反,看看DataInputStream readFully(byte[]) . 这是输入流的包装器,没有上述问题 . 此外,遇到EOF时抛出此方法 . 好多了 .

  • 3

    以下方法不仅将java.io.File转换为byte [],我还发现它是一种读取文件的最快方式,当测试许多不同的Java file reading methods时:

    java.nio.file.Files.readAllBytes()

    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.nio.file.Files;
    
    public class ReadFile_Files_ReadAllBytes {
      public static void main(String [] pArgs) throws IOException {
        String fileName = "c:\\temp\\sample-10KB.txt";
        File file = new File(fileName);
    
        byte [] fileBytes = Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath());
        char singleChar;
        for(byte b : fileBytes) {
          singleChar = (char) b;
          System.out.print(singleChar);
        }
      }
    }
    
  • 401
    public static byte[] readBytes(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[32 * 1024];
        int bufferSize = 0;
        for (;;) {
            int read = inputStream.read(buffer, bufferSize, buffer.length - bufferSize);
            if (read == -1) {
                return Arrays.copyOf(buffer, bufferSize);
            }
            bufferSize += read;
            if (bufferSize == buffer.length) {
                buffer = Arrays.copyOf(buffer, bufferSize * 2);
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 156

    您也可以使用NIO api来完成它 . 只要总文件大小(以字节为单位)适合int,我就可以使用此代码执行此操作 .

    File f = new File("c:\\wscp.script");
    FileInputStream fin = null;
    FileChannel ch = null;
    try {
        fin = new FileInputStream(f);
        ch = fin.getChannel();
        int size = (int) ch.size();
        MappedByteBuffer buf = ch.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, size);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
        buf.get(bytes);
    
    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        try {
            if (fin != null) {
                fin.close();
            }
            if (ch != null) {
                ch.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    

    我认为它使用MappedByteBuffer非常快 .

  • 4

    基本上你必须在内存中阅读它 . 打开文件,分配数组,并将文件中的内容读入数组 .

    最简单的方法是这样的:

    public byte[] read(File file) throws IOException, FileTooBigException {
        if (file.length() > MAX_FILE_SIZE) {
            throw new FileTooBigException(file);
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream ous = null;
        InputStream ios = null;
        try {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
            ous = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ios = new FileInputStream(file);
            int read = 0;
            while ((read = ios.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                ous.write(buffer, 0, read);
            }
        }finally {
            try {
                if (ous != null)
                    ous.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
    
            try {
                if (ios != null)
                    ios.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }
        return ous.toByteArray();
    }
    

    这有一些不必要的文件内容复制(实际上数据被复制三次:从文件到 buffer ,从 bufferByteArrayOutputStream ,从 ByteArrayOutputStream 复制到实际结果数组) .

    您还需要确保在内存中只读取一定大小的文件(这通常取决于应用程序):-) .

    您还需要在函数外部处理 IOException .

    另一种方式是这样的:

    public byte[] read(File file) throws IOException, FileTooBigException {
        if (file.length() > MAX_FILE_SIZE) {
            throw new FileTooBigException(file);
        }
    
        byte[] buffer = new byte[(int) file.length()];
        InputStream ios = null;
        try {
            ios = new FileInputStream(file);
            if (ios.read(buffer) == -1) {
                throw new IOException(
                        "EOF reached while trying to read the whole file");
            }
        } finally {
            try {
                if (ios != null)
                    ios.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }
        return buffer;
    }
    

    这没有不必要的复制 .

    FileTooBigException 是自定义应用程序异常 . MAX_FILE_SIZE 常量是一个应用程序参数 .

    对于大文件,您应该考虑使用流处理算法或使用内存映射(请参阅 java.nio ) .

  • 8

    如果您没有Java 8,并同意我的意见,包括一个大型库以避免编写几行代码是一个坏主意:

    public static byte[] readBytes(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        byte[] b = new byte[1024];
        ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int c;
        while ((c = inputStream.read(b)) != -1) {
            os.write(b, 0, c);
        }
        return os.toByteArray();
    }
    

    呼叫者负责关闭流 .

  • 8
    // Returns the contents of the file in a byte array.
        public static byte[] getBytesFromFile(File file) throws IOException {        
            // Get the size of the file
            long length = file.length();
    
            // You cannot create an array using a long type.
            // It needs to be an int type.
            // Before converting to an int type, check
            // to ensure that file is not larger than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
            if (length > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                // File is too large
                throw new IOException("File is too large!");
            }
    
            // Create the byte array to hold the data
            byte[] bytes = new byte[(int)length];
    
            // Read in the bytes
            int offset = 0;
            int numRead = 0;
    
            InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
            try {
                while (offset < bytes.length
                       && (numRead=is.read(bytes, offset, bytes.length-offset)) >= 0) {
                    offset += numRead;
                }
            } finally {
                is.close();
            }
    
            // Ensure all the bytes have been read in
            if (offset < bytes.length) {
                throw new IOException("Could not completely read file "+file.getName());
            }
            return bytes;
        }
    
  • 10

    我相信这是最简单的方法:

    org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
    
  • 0

    从文件中读取字节的最简单方法

    import java.io.*;
    
    class ReadBytesFromFile {
        public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
            // getBytes from anyWhere
            // I'm getting byte array from File
            File file = null;
            FileInputStream fileStream = new FileInputStream(file = new File("ByteArrayInputStreamClass.java"));
    
            // Instantiate array
            byte[] arr = new byte[(int) file.length()];
    
            // read All bytes of File stream
            fileStream.read(arr, 0, arr.length);
    
            for (int X : arr) {
                System.out.print((char) X);
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 17

    使用与社区维基答案相同的方法,但更清晰和开箱即用的编译(如果您不想导入Apache Commons库,首选方法,例如在Android上):

    public static byte[] getFileBytes(File file) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream ous = null;
        InputStream ios = null;
        try {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
            ous = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ios = new FileInputStream(file);
            int read = 0;
            while ((read = ios.read(buffer)) != -1)
                ous.write(buffer, 0, read);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (ous != null)
                    ous.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // swallow, since not that important
            }
            try {
                if (ios != null)
                    ios.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // swallow, since not that important
            }
        }
        return ous.toByteArray();
    }
    
  • 134

    这取决于最适合你的方式 . 生产环境 力明智,不要重新发明轮子并使用Apache Commons . 这是IOUtils.toByteArray(InputStream input) .

  • 2

    让我在不使用第三方库的情况下添加另一种解决方案 . 它重用了Scottlink)提出的异常处理模式 . 我把丑陋的部分移动到一个单独的消息中(我会隐藏在一些FileUtils类中;))

    public void someMethod() {
        final byte[] buffer = read(new File("test.txt"));
    }
    
    private byte[] read(final File file) {
        if (file.isDirectory())
            throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported operation, file "
                    + file.getAbsolutePath() + " is a directory");
        if (file.length() > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
            throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported operation, file "
                    + file.getAbsolutePath() + " is too big");
    
        Throwable pending = null;
        FileInputStream in = null;
        final byte buffer[] = new byte[(int) file.length()];
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(file);
            in.read(buffer);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            pending = new RuntimeException("Exception occured on reading file "
                    + file.getAbsolutePath(), e);
        } finally {
            if (in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (pending == null) {
                        pending = new RuntimeException(
                            "Exception occured on closing file" 
                                 + file.getAbsolutePath(), e);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (pending != null) {
                throw new RuntimeException(pending);
            }
        }
        return buffer;
    }
    

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