有一个代码库,它使用SpringMVC 4.0.3.RELEASE进行Restful Web Services .
Codebase包含一个功能齐全的Restful Web服务,我可以使用postman和curl验证工作 .
但是,当尝试使用MockMvc为特定的Restful Web Service编写单元测试时,我试图从单元测试中获取JSON内容时被阻止 .
我想知道它是配置问题还是我没有正确创建假对象的问题(因为这不依赖于tomcat而且是独立的) .
pom.xml中:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- A bunch of other Spring libs omitted from this post -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-all</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>1.10.19</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
<artifactId>json-path-assert</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
WebConfig:
package com.myapp.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ContentNegotiationConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.myapp.rest")
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.defaultContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
}
}
ServletInitializer:
package com.myapp.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import com.myapp.config.WebConfig;
public class ServletInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[] { WebConfig.class };
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[] { "/" };
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return null;
}
}
UserController的:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/v2")
public class UserController {
private final UserDAO dao;
private HttpHeaders headers = null;
@Autowired
public UserController(UserDAO dao) {
this.dao = dao;
headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Content-Type", "application/json");
}
@RequestMapping(value = "users/{appId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json")
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<Object> getUserDetails(@PathVariable String appId) {
Object jsonPayload = dao.getUser(appId);
return new ResponseEntity<Object>(jsonPayload, headers, HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
UserDAO的:
@Repository
public class UserDAO {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Autowired
public UserDAO(@Qualifier("dataSourceDB") DataSource dataSource) {
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
// Finders methods (such as the getUser(appId)) which use Spring JDBC
}
WEB-INF / web.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>MyApp</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
WEB-INF / MVC-调度 - servlet.xml中:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">
<import resource="classpath:database.xml" />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.myapp.rest" />
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
SRC /主/资源/ database.xml:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">
<bean id="dataSourceDB" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName"><value>${jdbc.driver}</value></property>
<property name="url"><value>${db.url}</value></property>
<property name="username"><value>${db.username}</value></property>
<property name="password"><value>${db.password}</value></property>
</bean>
</beans>
我的实际单元测试:包com.myapp.rest.controllers;
RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:**/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml")
@WebAppConfiguration
public class UserControllerTest {
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Mock
private UserDAO dao;
@InjectMocks
private UserController controller;
@Before
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).build();
}
@Test
public void getUserDetails() throws Exception {
String appId = "23bdr4560l";
mockMvc.perform(get("/v2/users/{appId}",appId)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andDo(print());
}
}
当我在本地调用我的构建时:
mvn clean install
生成到stdout的输出:
运行com.myapp.rest.controllers.UserControllerTest
MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = GET
Request URI = /v2/users/23bdr4560l
Parameters = {}
Headers = {Accept=[application/json]}
Handler:
Type = com.myapp.rest.controllers.UserController
Method = public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.lang.Object> com.myapp.rest.controllers.UserController.getUserDetails(java.lang.String)
Async:
Was async started = false
Async result = null
Resolved Exception:
Type = null
ModelAndView:
View name = null
View = null
Model = null
FlashMap:
MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 200
Error message = null
Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json]}
Content type = application/json
Body =
Forwarded URL = null
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.728 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
注意JSON正文部分是如何为空/ null:
Body =
因此,在尝试使用jsonPath访问JSON有效内容时:
@Test
public void getUserDetails() throws Exception {
String appId = "23bdr4560l";
mockMvc.perform(get("/v2/users/{appId}",appId)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$", hasSize(2)))
.andDo(print());
}
收到以下错误:
Results :
Tests in error:
getUserDetails(com.myapp.rest.controllers.UserControllerTest): json can not be null or empty
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0
我可能做错了什么?
显然,我需要模拟出响应,但是使用Google搜索,其他人使用MockMvc能够获得他们的测试JSON .
这是配置问题(我是否需要为我的单元测试添加某种类型的注释)?
我需要在我的测试中实例化控制器吗?
奇怪的是,实际的Rest Call使用postman和curl工作(返回一个有效的JSON)......
这个代码库没有@Service类/层,只是@RestController与@Repository对话(见上文) .
真的认为基于Spring MVC的Restful Web Services的测试支持会容易得多 .
我的想法已经不多了......
我最欣赏任何帮助...
3 回答
当您尝试像这样模拟bean时,它会尝试使用默认构造函数创建模拟 .
它适用于实际的休息调用,因为您在运行时提供了依赖的
DataSource dataSource
. 为UserDAO
类提供有效的依赖模拟 .由于您在嘲笑UserDAO,因此您需要为该调用提供一些模拟期望:
在Controller内部,默认情况下它将返回null . 为此,请在MockMvc调用之前使用测试中的Mockito.when()方法:
其中json是你自己设置的一些硬编码的json对象 .
对于初学者,既然你正在使用
MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(...)
,你实际上并没有使用Spring TestContext Framework(TCF)来加载你的WebApplicationContext
. 因此,只需在测试类中完全删除以下声明:此外,您可以完全忽略XML配置文件,因为没有
WebApplicationContext
就不会使用它们 .另外,TCF从不使用
web.xml
和Servlet初始值设定项,因此您也可以忽略它们 .然后,正如@Plog所提到的,你需要为你的模拟
UserDAO
设置期望;否则,dao.getUser(appId)
的调用始终返回null
,这将导致一个空响应体 .问候,
Sam(Spring TestContext Framework的作者)