我的Python安全websocket客户端代码给我例外如下：
[SSL：CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]证书验证失败（_ssl.c：748）
我已经创建了我的私有证书和签名证书，但我无法使用Python脚本连接到它，如下所示：
import json
from websocket import create_connection
class subscriber:
def listenForever(self):
try:
# ws = create_connection("wss://localhost:9080/websocket")
ws = create_connection("wss://nbtstaging.westeurope.cloudapp.azure.com:9090/websocket")
ws.send("test message")
while True:
result = ws.recv()
result = json.loads(result)
print("Received '%s'" % result)
ws.close()
except Exception as ex:
print("exception: ", format(ex))
try:
subscriber().listenForever()
except:
print("Exception occured: ")
我在python中使用龙卷风的https / wss服务器脚本如下：
import tornado.web
import tornado.websocket
import tornado.httpserver
import tornado.ioloop
import os
import ssl
ssl_root = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'ssl1_1020')
class WebSocketHandler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):
def check_origin(self, origin):
return True
def open(self):
pass
def on_message(self, message):
self.write_message("Your message was: " + message)
print("message received: ", format(message))
def on_close(self):
pass
class IndexPageHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.render("index.html")
class Application(tornado.web.Application):
def __init__(self):
handlers = [
(r'/', IndexPageHandler),
(r'/websocket', WebSocketHandler),
]
settings = {
'template_path': 'templates'
}
tornado.web.Application.__init__(self, handlers, **settings)
ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
ssl_ctx.load_cert_chain(ssl_root+"/server.crt",
ssl_root + "/server.pem")
if __name__ == '__main__':
ws_app = Application()
server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(ws_app, ssl_options=ssl_ctx,)
server.listen(9081, "0.0.0.0")
print("server started...")
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
用于创建SSL签名证书的步骤：
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.pem
openssl req -new -nodes -key server.pem -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.pem -out server.crt
2 回答
最后我找到了解决方案，我更新了python客户端脚本，同时连接到安全的Web套接字url以忽略cert请求，如下所示：
如果有人在将来好奇为什么wss python服务器失败是因为龙卷风文档中的这个：