你可以覆盖基类中定义的私有函数吗?
我相信, derived class
只能 override
只能继承自 base class
的那些函数 . 我的理解是否正确?
也就是说,如果基类有一个公共成员函数说, func
,那么派生类可以 override
成员函数 func
.
但是如果基类有一个私有成员函数说 foo
,那么派生类不能覆盖成员函数 foo
.
我对吗?
编辑
在研究了SO成员给出的答案后,我想出了一个代码示例 . 我提到我在代码中作为评论研究的要点 . 希望我是对的 . 谢谢
/* Points to ponder:
1. Irrespective of the access specifier, the member functions can be override in base class.
But we cannot directly access the overriden function. It has to be invoked using a public
member function of base class.
2. A base class pointer holding the derived class obj's address can access only those members which
the derived class inherited from the base class. */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class base
{
private:
virtual void do_op()
{
cout << "This is do_op() in base which is pvt\n";
}
public:
void op()
{
do_op();
}
};
class derived: public base
{
public:
void do_op()
{
cout << "This is do_op() in derived class\n";
}
};
int main()
{
base *bptr;
derived d;
bptr = &d;
bptr->op(); /* Invoking the overriden do_op() of derived class through the public
function op() of base class */
//bptr->do_op(); /* Error. bptr trying to access a member function which derived class
did not inherit from base class */
return 0;
}
回答(6)
你是正确的,要覆盖派生类中的函数,它必须从基类继承它(此外,基类函数必须是虚拟的) . 但是,您假设虚函数不是继承的,那就错了 . 例如,以下方法效果很好(实际上是前置条件/后置条件检查的已知习惯用法):
class Base
{
public:
void operate_on(some thing);
private:
virtual void do_operate_on(some thing) = 0;
};
void Base::operate_on(some thing)
{
// check preconditions
do_operate_on(thing);
// check postconditions
}
class Derived: public Base
{
// this overrides Base::do_operate_on
void do_operate_on(some thing);
};
void Derived::do_operate_on(some thing)
{
// do something
}
int main()
{
some thing;
Base* p = new Derived;
// this calls Base::operate_on, which in turn calls the overridden
// Derived::do_operate_on, not Base::do_operate_on (which doesn't have an
// implementation anyway)
p->operate_on(thing);
delete p;
}
查看私有方法是否真正被继承的方法是查看由以下代码生成的错误消息:
class Base
{
private:
void private_method_of_B();
};
class Derived:
public Base
{
};
int main()
{
Derived d;
d.private_method_of_B();
d.method_that_does_not_exist();
}
尝试使用g编译它导致他跟随错误消息:
privatemethodinheritance.cc: In function 'int main()':
privatemethodinheritance.cc:4: error: 'void Base::private_method_of_B()' is private
privatemethodinheritance.cc:15: error: within this context
privatemethodinheritance.cc:16: error: 'class Derived' has no member named 'method_that_does_not_exist'
如果Derived类不会继承该函数,则错误消息在两种情况下都是相同的 .
2 years ago
无论访问说明符如何,您都可以覆盖函数 . 这也是non-virtual interface成语的核心 . 唯一的要求当然是
virtual
.