"""
Show/Modify/Append registry env-vars (ie `PATH`) and notify Windows-applications to pickup changes.
First attempts to show/modify HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (all users), and
if not accessible due to admin-rights missing, fails-back
to HKEY_CURRENT_USER.
Write and Delete operations do not proceed to user-tree if all-users succeed.
Syntax:
{prog} : Print all env-vars.
{prog} VARNAME : Print value for VARNAME.
{prog} VARNAME VALUE : Set VALUE for VARNAME.
{prog} +VARNAME VALUE : Append VALUE in VARNAME delimeted with ';' (i.e. used for `PATH`).
{prog} -VARNAME : Delete env-var value.
Note that the current command-window will not be affected,
changes would apply only for new command-windows.
"""
import winreg
import os, sys, win32gui, win32con
def reg_key(tree, path, varname):
return '%s\%s:%s' % (tree, path, varname)
def reg_entry(tree, path, varname, value):
return '%s=%s' % (reg_key(tree, path, varname), value)
def query_value(key, varname):
value, type_id = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, varname)
return value
def yield_all_entries(tree, path, key):
i = 0
while True:
try:
n,v,t = winreg.EnumValue(key, i)
yield reg_entry(tree, path, n, v)
i += 1
except OSError:
break ## Expected, this is how iteration ends.
def notify_windows(action, tree, path, varname, value):
win32gui.SendMessage(win32con.HWND_BROADCAST, win32con.WM_SETTINGCHANGE, 0, 'Environment')
print("---%s %s" % (action, reg_entry(tree, path, varname, value)), file=sys.stderr)
def manage_registry_env_vars(varname=None, value=None):
reg_keys = [
('HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment'),
('HKEY_CURRENT_USER', r'Environment'),
]
for (tree_name, path) in reg_keys:
tree = eval('winreg.%s'%tree_name)
try:
with winreg.ConnectRegistry(None, tree) as reg:
with winreg.OpenKey(reg, path, 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS) as key:
if not varname:
for regent in yield_all_entries(tree_name, path, key):
print(regent)
else:
if not value:
if varname.startswith('-'):
varname = varname[1:]
value = query_value(key, varname)
winreg.DeleteValue(key, varname)
notify_windows("Deleted", tree_name, path, varname, value)
break ## Don't propagate into user-tree.
else:
value = query_value(key, varname)
print(reg_entry(tree_name, path, varname, value))
else:
if varname.startswith('+'):
varname = varname[1:]
value = query_value(key, varname) + ';' + value
winreg.SetValueEx(key, varname, 0, winreg.REG_EXPAND_SZ, value)
notify_windows("Updated", tree_name, path, varname, value)
break ## Don't propagate into user-tree.
except PermissionError as ex:
print("!!!Cannot access %s due to: %s" %
(reg_key(tree_name, path, varname), ex), file=sys.stderr)
except FileNotFoundError as ex:
print("!!!Cannot find %s due to: %s" %
(reg_key(tree_name, path, varname), ex), file=sys.stderr)
if __name__=='__main__':
args = sys.argv
argc = len(args)
if argc > 3:
print(__doc__.format(prog=args[0]), file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit()
manage_registry_env_vars(*args[1:])
下面是一些使用示例，假设它已保存在当前路径中某个名为 setenv.py 的文件中 . 请注意，在这些示例i didn't have admin-rights 中，所以更改仅影响我本地用户的注册表树：
> REM ## Print all env-vars
> setenv.py
!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH=...
...
> REM ## Query env-var:
> setenv.py PATH C:\foo
!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied
!!!Cannot find HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
> REM ## Set env-var:
> setenv.py PATH C:\foo
!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied
---Set HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH=C:\foo
> REM ## Append env-var:
> setenv.py +PATH D:\Bar
!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied
---Set HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH=C:\foo;D:\Bar
> REM ## Delete env-var:
> setenv.py -PATH
!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied
---Deleted HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH
7 回答
有关如何执行此操作的文档可在MSDN上找到 . 关键提取是这样的：
请注意，您的应用程序需要提升管理员权限才能修改此密钥 .
您在评论中表明您很乐意仅修改每用户环境 . 通过编辑 HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment 中的值来完成此操作 . 和以前一样，请确保广播WM_SETTINGCHANGE消息 .
您应该能够使用JNI注册表类轻松地从Java应用程序执行此操作 .
您可以使用：
但是，
setx会将存储的字符串截断为1024字节，从而可能破坏PATH ./M将更改HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE中的PATH而不是HKEY_CURRENT_USER. 换句话说，系统变量，而不是用户的 . 例如：您必须记住，新的PATH在您当前的
cmd.exe中不可见 .但是如果您查看注册表或使用
"set p"查看新的cmd.exe，您可以看到新值 .我提醒不要使用该命令
修改PATH变量，因为它的实现是"feature" . 如今，在许多（大多数？）安装中，变量将很长 -
setx会将存储的字符串截断为1024字节，从而可能破坏PATH（请参阅讨论here） .（我专门报名参加了这个问题，所以缺乏网站声誉直接评论12月5日发布的答案 . 感谢beresfordt添加这样的评论）
这个Python脚本[*]正是这样做的：
下面是一些使用示例，假设它已保存在当前路径中某个名为
setenv.py的文件中 . 请注意，在这些示例i didn't have admin-rights 中，所以更改仅影响我本地用户的注册表树：[*]改编自：http://code.activestate.com/recipes/416087-persistent-environment-variables-on-windows/
出于参考目的，对于任何搜索如何通过代码更改路径的人，我在这个网页上引用Delphi程序员的有用帖子：http://www.tek-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=686382
这个脚本http://www.autohotkey.com/board/topic/63210-modify-system-path-gui/
包括所有必要的Windows API调用，可以根据您的需要进行重构 . 它实际上是一个AutoHotkey GUI，可以轻松更改系统路径 . 需要以管理员身份运行 .
在企业网络中，用户只能访问有限且使用便携式应用程序，这些命令行技巧有：
查询用户env变量：
reg query "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment". 将"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment"用于LOCAL_MACHINE .添加新用户env变量：
reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment" /v shared_dir /d "c:\shared" /t REG_SZ. 对于包含其他%%变量的路径，请使用REG_EXPAND_SZ.删除现有的env变量：
reg delete "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment" /v shared_dir.