我正在学习Rust而且我正在玩 Box
,所以我尝试使用 valgrind
检查泄漏,但它显示堆上没有分配:
$ rustc -C opt-level=0 raii.rs
$ valgrind ./raii
==3850== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==3850== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==3850== Using Valgrind-3.10.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==3850== Command: ./raii
==3850==
5
Changed:10
==3850==
==3850== HEAP SUMMARY:
==3850== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3850== total heap usage: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated
==3850==
==3850== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==3850==
==3850== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==3850== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
valgrind --leak-check=full ./raii
显示exaclty相同的结果 .
这是Rust代码:
fn main() {
let mut _box2 = Box::new(5i32);
println!("{}", _box2);
*_box2 = 10i32;
println!("Changed:{}", _box2);
{
let _box3 = Box::new(4i32);
}
}
其他一些信息:
$ rustc -V
rustc 1.8.0 (db2939409 2016-04-11)
$ valgrind --version
valgrind-3.10.1
$ uname -a
Linux 3.19.0-59-generic #65~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 19 18:57:09 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
这是为什么?我以为 Box
在堆上分配变量 . 此外,this example显示几乎相同的代码,valgrind显示那里的分配 .
如果我添加以下代码:
let _stack = (1u64, 2u64, 3u64);
let _heap = Box::new((4u64, 5u64, 6u64));
println!("Memory used by stack: {} bytes", std::mem::size_of_val(&_stack));
println!("Memory used by heap: {} bytes", std::mem::size_of_val(&_heap));
它打印完全符合预期:
$ ./raii
Memory used by stack: 24 bytes
Memory used by heap: 8 bytes
- 在第二种情况下,元组被放置在堆上,指针(8个字节)被推入堆栈,而在第一种情况下,元组被放置在堆栈上,因此需要24个字节 .
Valgrind似乎能够计算其他程序的堆分配:
$ valgrind echo "test"
==4575== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==4575== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==4575== Using Valgrind-3.10.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==4575== Command: echo test
==4575==
test
==4575==
==4575== HEAP SUMMARY:
==4575== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4575== total heap usage: 30 allocs, 30 frees, 3,681 bytes allocated
==4575==
==4575== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==4575==
==4575== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==4575== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
1 回答
在构建二进制文件时,Rust使用jemalloc作为分配器 . jemalloc目前编译的方式does not contain the valgrind hooks needed .
如果你需要能够用valgrind跟踪分配,你可以switch to the the system allocator如果你每晚使用Rust: