如何生成随机字母数字字符串？ [关闭]-Java 学习之路

757

如何在C＃中生成随机的8个字符的字母数字字符串？

30 回答

这个实现（通过谷歌找到）看起来很 Health .

与提出的一些替代方案不同，这个是 cryptographically sound .

using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace UniqueKey
{
    public class KeyGenerator
    {
        public static string GetUniqueKey(int size)
        {
            char[] chars =
                "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890".ToCharArray();
            byte[] data = new byte[size];
            using (RNGCryptoServiceProvider crypto = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                crypto.GetBytes(data);
            }
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(size);
            foreach (byte b in data)
            {
                result.Append(chars[b % (chars.Length)]);
            }
            return result.ToString();
        }
    }
}

从讨论替代品中挑选出一个here

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

我的代码的主要目标是：

字符串的分布几乎是统一的（小't care about minor deviations, as long as they'小）
它为每个参数集输出超过几十亿个字符串 . 如果您的PRNG仅生成20亿（31位熵）不同的值，则生成8个字符的字符串（~47位熵）是没有意义的 .
这是安全的，因为我希望人们将其用于密码或其他安全令牌 .

第一个属性是通过采用64位值模数字母大小来实现的 . 对于小字母（例如问题中的62个字符），这会导致可忽略不计的偏差 . 第二个和第三个属性是通过使用RNGCryptoServiceProvider而不是System.Random实现的 .

using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

public static string GetRandomAlphanumericString(int length)
{
    const string alphanumericCharacters =
        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" +
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" +
        "0123456789";
    return GetRandomString(length, alphanumericCharacters);
}

public static string GetRandomString(int length, IEnumerable<char> characterSet)
{
    if (length < 0)
        throw new ArgumentException("length must not be negative", "length");
    if (length > int.MaxValue / 8) // 250 million chars ought to be enough for anybody
        throw new ArgumentException("length is too big", "length");
    if (characterSet == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException("characterSet");
    var characterArray = characterSet.Distinct().ToArray();
    if (characterArray.Length == 0)
        throw new ArgumentException("characterSet must not be empty", "characterSet");

    var bytes = new byte[length * 8];
    var result = new char[length];
    using (var cryptoProvider = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
    {
        cryptoProvider.GetBytes(bytes);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
    {
        ulong value = BitConverter.ToUInt64(bytes, i * 8);
        result[i] = characterArray[value % (uint)characterArray.Length];
    }
    return new string(result);
}

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

-1

一行代码Membership.GeneratePassword()诀窍:)

这是一个demo同样的 .

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

var chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
var stringChars = new char[8];
var random = new Random();

for (int i = 0; i < stringChars.Length; i++)
{
    stringChars[i] = chars[random.Next(chars.Length)];
}

var finalString = new String(stringChars);

不像Linq解决方案那么优雅 . （ - ：

（注意：使用Random类会产生 unsuitable for anything security related ，例如创建密码或令牌 . 如果需要强大的随机数生成器，请使用RNGCryptoServiceProvider类 . ）

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

我正在寻找一个更具体的答案，我想控制随机字符串的格式，并发现了这篇文章 . 例如：车牌（车辆）具有特定格式（每个国家），我想创建随机车牌 .
我决定为此编写自己的Random扩展方法 . （这是为了重用相同的Random对象，因为你可以在多线程场景中使用双倍） . 我创建了一个要点（https://gist.github.com/SamVanhoutte/808845ca78b9c041e928），但也会复制扩展类：

void Main()
{
    Random rnd = new Random();
    rnd.GetString("1-###-000").Dump();
}

public static class RandomExtensions
{
    public static string GetString(this Random random, string format)
    {
        // Based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1344221/how-can-i-generate-random-alphanumeric-strings-in-c
        // Added logic to specify the format of the random string (# will be random string, 0 will be random numeric, other characters remain)
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        for(int formatIndex = 0; formatIndex < format.Length ; formatIndex++)
        {
            switch(format.ToUpper()[formatIndex])
            {
                case '0': result.Append(getRandomNumeric(random)); break;
                case '#': result.Append(getRandomCharacter(random)); break;
                default : result.Append(format[formatIndex]); break;
            }
        }
        return result.ToString();
    }

    private static char getRandomCharacter(Random random)
    {
        string chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
        return chars[random.Next(chars.Length)];
    }

    private static char getRandomNumeric(Random random)
    {
        string nums = "0123456789";
        return nums[random.Next(nums.Length)];
    }
}

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

现在是单线风味 .

private string RandomName
    {
        get
        {
            return new string(
                Enumerable.Repeat("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", 13)
                    .Select(s =>
                    {
                        var cryptoResult = new byte[4];
                        using (var cryptoProvider = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
                            cryptoProvider.GetBytes(cryptoResult);
                        return s[new Random(BitConverter.ToInt32(cryptoResult, 0)).Next(s.Length)];
                    })
                    .ToArray());
        }
    }

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

这是一种生成随机字母数字字符串（我使用它来生成密码和测试数据）而不定义字母和数字的机制，

CleanupBase64将删除字符串中的必要部分，并继续递归添加随机字母数字字母 .

public static string GenerateRandomString(int length)
        {
            var numArray = new byte[length];
            new RNGCryptoServiceProvider().GetBytes(numArray);
            return CleanUpBase64String(Convert.ToBase64String(numArray), length);
        }

        private static string CleanUpBase64String(string input, int maxLength)
        {
            input = input.Replace("-", "");
            input = input.Replace("=", "");
            input = input.Replace("/", "");
            input = input.Replace("+", "");
            input = input.Replace(" ", "");
            while (input.Length < maxLength)
                input = input + GenerateRandomString(maxLength);
            return input.Length <= maxLength ?
                input.ToUpper() : //In my case I want capital letters
                input.ToUpper().Substring(0, maxLength);
        }

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

298

只是对这个帖子中各种答案的一些性能比较：

方法和设置

// what's available
public static string possibleChars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
// optimized (?) what's available
public static char[] possibleCharsArray = possibleChars.ToCharArray();
// optimized (precalculated) count
public static int possibleCharsAvailable = possibleChars.Length;
// shared randomization thingy
public static Random random = new Random();


// http://stackoverflow.com/a/1344242/1037948
public string LinqIsTheNewBlack(int num) {
    return new string(
    Enumerable.Repeat(possibleCharsArray, num)
              .Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)])
              .ToArray());
}

// http://stackoverflow.com/a/1344258/1037948
public string ForLoop(int num) {
    var result = new char[num];
    while(num-- > 0) {
        result[num] = possibleCharsArray[random.Next(possibleCharsAvailable)];
    }
    return new string(result);
}

public string ForLoopNonOptimized(int num) {
    var result = new char[num];
    while(num-- > 0) {
        result[num] = possibleChars[random.Next(possibleChars.Length)];
    }
    return new string(result);
}

public string Repeat(int num) {
    return new string(new char[num].Select(o => possibleCharsArray[random.Next(possibleCharsAvailable)]).ToArray());
}

// http://stackoverflow.com/a/1518495/1037948
public string GenerateRandomString(int num) {
  var rBytes = new byte[num];
  random.NextBytes(rBytes);
  var rName = new char[num];
  while(num-- > 0)
    rName[num] = possibleCharsArray[rBytes[num] % possibleCharsAvailable];
  return new string(rName);
}

//SecureFastRandom - or SolidSwiftRandom
static string GenerateRandomString(int Length) //Configurable output string length
{
    byte[] rBytes = new byte[Length]; 
    char[] rName = new char[Length];
    SolidSwiftRandom.GetNextBytesWithMax(rBytes, biasZone);
    for (var i = 0; i < Length; i++)
    {
        rName[i] = charSet[rBytes[i] % charSet.Length];
    }
    return new string(rName);
}

结果

在LinqPad中测试过 . 对于字符串大小10，生成：

来自Linq = chdgmevhcy [10]来自Loop = gtnoaryhxr [10]来自Select = rsndbztyby [10]来自GenerateRandomString = owyefjjakj [10]来自SecureFastRandom = VzougLYHYP [10]来自SecureFastRandom-NoCache = oVQXNGmO1S [10]

性能数据往往略有不同，偶尔 NonOptimized 实际上更快，有时 ForLoop 和 GenerateRandomString 切换谁领先 .

LinqIsTheNewBlack（10000x）= 96762刻度（9.6762 ms）ForLoop（10000x）= 28970刻度（2.897 ms）ForLoopNonOptimized（10000x）= 33336刻度（3.3336 ms）重复（10000x）= 78547刻度（7.8547 ms）GenerateRandomString （10000x）=经过27416个刻度（2.7416毫秒）SecureFastRandom（10000x）= 13176刻度经过（5ms）最低[不同机器] SecureFastRandom-NoCache（10000x）= 39541刻度经过（17ms）最低[不同机器]

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

0
这是我从Sam Allen的例子中偷走的一个例子Dot Net Perls

如果只需要8个字符，则在System.IO命名空间中使用Path.GetRandomFileName（） . Sam说使用“Path.GetRandomFileName方法有时候更好，因为它使用RNGCryptoServiceProvider来获得更好的随机性 . 但是，它只限于11个随机字符 . ”

GetRandomFileName始终返回一个12个字符的字符串，其句点为第9个字符 . 所以你需要去除句点（因为那不是随机的）然后从字符串中取出8个字符 . 实际上，你可以只取前8个字符而不用担心这段时间 .
```
public string Get8CharacterRandomString()
{
    string path = Path.GetRandomFileName();
    path = path.Replace(".", ""); // Remove period.
    return path.Substring(0, 8);  // Return 8 character string
}
```
PS：谢谢Sam
回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00
265

如果你的值不是完全随机的，但实际上可能取决于某些东西 - 你可以计算一个'somwthing'的md5或sha1哈希值，然后将其截断到你想要的任何长度 .

你也可以生成并截断一个guid .

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00
33
你只需使用程序集 SRVTextToImage . 并写下面的代码来生成随机字符串 .
```
CaptchaRandomImage c1 = new CaptchaRandomImage();
            string text = c1.GetRandomString(8);
```
它主要用于实现Captcha . 但在你的情况下它也有效 . 希望能帮助到你 .
回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

DTB解决方案的略微清洁版本 .

var chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
    var random = new Random();
    var list = Enumerable.Repeat(0, 8).Select(x=>chars[random.Next(chars.Length)]);
    return string.Join("", list);

您的风格偏好可能会有所不

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

我简单的一行代码适合我:)

string  random = string.Join("", Guid.NewGuid().ToString("n").Take(8).Select(o => o));

Response.Write(random.ToUpper());
Response.Write(random.ToLower());

为此扩展任何长度字符串

public static string RandomString(int length)
    {
        //length = length < 0 ? length * -1 : length;
        var str = "";

        do 
        {
            str += Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "");
        }

        while (length > str.Length);

        return str.Substring(0, length);
    }

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

不使用 Random 的解决方案：

var chars = Enumerable.Repeat("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789", 8);

var randomStr = new string(chars.SelectMany(str => str)
                                .OrderBy(c => Guid.NewGuid())
                                .Take(8).ToArray());

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

4
到目前为止，我比其他更复杂的解决方案（imo）更具可读性和简洁性，而且它应该比基于 System.Random 的解决方案更具有"random" .
```
return alphabet
    .OrderBy(c => Guid.NewGuid())
    .Take(strLength)
    .Aggregate(
        new StringBuilder(),
        (builder, c) => builder.Append(c))
    .ToString();
```
我无法决定我认为这个版本或下一个版本是否“更漂亮”，但它们给出了完全相同的结果：
```
return new string(alphabet
    .OrderBy(o => Guid.NewGuid())
    .Take(strLength)
    .ToArray());
```
当然，事实并非如此针对速度进行了优化，因此如果每秒生成数百万个随机字符串至关重要，请尝试另一个！

注意：此解决方案不允许在字母表中重复符号，并且字母表必须与输出字符串的大小相等或更大，这使得在某些情况下这种方法不太理想，这一切都取决于您的用例 .
回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00
2
我听说LINQ是新的黑色，所以这是我尝试使用LINQ：
```
private static Random random = new Random();
public static string RandomString(int length)
{
    const string chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
    return new string(Enumerable.Repeat(chars, length)
      .Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)]).ToArray());
}
```
（注意：使用Random类会产生 unsuitable for anything security related ，例如创建密码或令牌 . 如果需要强大的随机数生成器，请使用RNGCryptoServiceProvider类 . ）
回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

我们也使用自定义字符串随机，但我们实现的是字符串的帮助器，因此它提供了一些灵活性......

public static string Random(this string chars, int length = 8)
{
    var randomString = new StringBuilder();
    var random = new Random();

    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
        randomString.Append(chars[random.Next(chars.Length)]);

    return randomString.ToString();
}

用法

var random = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".Random();

要么

var random = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789".Random(16);

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

我知道这不是最好的方法 . 但你可以试试这个 .

string str = Path.GetRandomFileName(); //This method returns a random file name of 11 characters
str = str.Replace(".","");
Console.WriteLine("Random string: " + str);

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

在查看了其他答案并考虑了CodeInChaos的评论之后，CodeInChaos仍然偏向（虽然更少）答案，我认为需要 final ultimate cut and paste solution . 所以在更新我的答案时，我决定全力以赴 .

有关此代码的最新版本，请访问Bitbucket上的新Hg存储库：https://bitbucket.org/merarischroeder/secureswiftrandom . 我建议您复制并粘贴以下代码：https://bitbucket.org/merarischroeder/secureswiftrandom/src/6c14b874f34a3f6576b0213379ecdf0ffc7496ea/Code/Alivate.SolidSwiftRandom/SolidSwiftRandom.cs?at=default&fileviewer=file-view-default（确保单击“原始”按钮以便更容易复制并确保您拥有最新版本，我认为此链接转到特定版本的代码，而不是最新版本） .

更新的说明：

与其他一些答案有关 - 如果你知道输出的长度，你首先需要创建一个空数组）
与其他一些答案有关 - 你应该使用NextBytes，而不是一次获得一个表现
从技术上讲，您可以固定字节数组以便更快地访问..当您在字节数组上迭代超过6-8次时，通常是值得的 . （这里没做）
使用 RNGCryptoServiceProvider for best randomness
使用 caching of a 1MB buffer of random data - 基准测试显示缓存的单字节访问速度快〜1000倍 - 超过1MB需要9ms而未缓存需要989ms .
在我的新课程中
Optimised rejection of bias zone .

结束问题的解决方案：

static char[] charSet =  "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".ToCharArray();
static int byteSize = 256; //Labelling convenience
static int biasZone = byteSize - (byteSize % charSet.Length);
public string GenerateRandomString(int Length) //Configurable output string length
{
    byte[] rBytes = new byte[Length]; //Do as much before and after lock as possible
    char[] rName = new char[Length];
    SecureFastRandom.GetNextBytesMax(rBytes, biasZone);
    for (var i = 0; i < Length; i++)
    {
        rName[i] = charSet[rBytes[i] % charSet.Length];
    }
    return new string(rName);
}

但是你需要我的新（未经测试）课程：

/// <summary>
/// My benchmarking showed that for RNGCryptoServiceProvider:
/// 1. There is negligable benefit of sharing RNGCryptoServiceProvider object reference 
/// 2. Initial GetBytes takes 2ms, and an initial read of 1MB takes 3ms (starting to rise, but still negligable)
/// 2. Cached is ~1000x faster for single byte at a time - taking 9ms over 1MB vs 989ms for uncached
/// </summary>
class SecureFastRandom
{
    static byte[] byteCache = new byte[1000000]; //My benchmark showed that an initial read takes 2ms, and an initial read of this size takes 3ms (starting to raise)
    static int lastPosition = 0;
    static int remaining = 0;

    /// <summary>
    /// Static direct uncached access to the RNGCryptoServiceProvider GetBytes function
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="buffer"></param>
    public static void DirectGetBytes(byte[] buffer)
    {
        using (var r = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
        {
            r.GetBytes(buffer);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Main expected method to be called by user. Underlying random data is cached from RNGCryptoServiceProvider for best performance
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="buffer"></param>
    public static void GetBytes(byte[] buffer)
    {
        if (buffer.Length > byteCache.Length)
        {
            DirectGetBytes(buffer);
            return;
        }

        lock (byteCache)
        {
            if (buffer.Length > remaining)
            {
                DirectGetBytes(byteCache);
                lastPosition = 0;
                remaining = byteCache.Length;
            }

            Buffer.BlockCopy(byteCache, lastPosition, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            lastPosition += buffer.Length;
            remaining -= buffer.Length;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Return a single byte from the cache of random data.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static byte GetByte()
    {
        lock (byteCache)
        {
            return UnsafeGetByte();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Shared with public GetByte and GetBytesWithMax, and not locked to reduce lock/unlocking in loops. Must be called within lock of byteCache.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    static byte UnsafeGetByte()
    {
        if (1 > remaining)
        {
            DirectGetBytes(byteCache);
            lastPosition = 0;
            remaining = byteCache.Length;
        }

        lastPosition++;
        remaining--;
        return byteCache[lastPosition - 1];
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Rejects bytes which are equal to or greater than max. This is useful for ensuring there is no bias when you are modulating with a non power of 2 number.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="buffer"></param>
    /// <param name="max"></param>
    public static void GetBytesWithMax(byte[] buffer, byte max)
    {
        if (buffer.Length > byteCache.Length / 2) //No point caching for larger sizes
        {
            DirectGetBytes(buffer);

            lock (byteCache)
            {
                UnsafeCheckBytesMax(buffer, max);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            lock (byteCache)
            {
                if (buffer.Length > remaining) //Recache if not enough remaining, discarding remaining - too much work to join two blocks
                    DirectGetBytes(byteCache);

                Buffer.BlockCopy(byteCache, lastPosition, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                lastPosition += buffer.Length;
                remaining -= buffer.Length;

                UnsafeCheckBytesMax(buffer, max);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Checks buffer for bytes equal and above max. Must be called within lock of byteCache.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="buffer"></param>
    /// <param name="max"></param>
    static void UnsafeCheckBytesMax(byte[] buffer, byte max)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
        {
            while (buffer[i] >= max)
                buffer[i] = UnsafeGetByte(); //Replace all bytes which are equal or above max
        }
    }
}

对于历史 - 我这个答案的旧解决方案，使用Random对象：

private static char[] charSet =
      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".ToCharArray();

    static rGen = new Random(); //Must share, because the clock seed only has Ticks (~10ms) resolution, yet lock has only 20-50ns delay.
    static int byteSize = 256; //Labelling convenience
    static int biasZone = byteSize - (byteSize % charSet.Length);
    static bool SlightlyMoreSecurityNeeded = true; //Configuration - needs to be true, if more security is desired and if charSet.Length is not divisible by 2^X.
    public string GenerateRandomString(int Length) //Configurable output string length
    {
      byte[] rBytes = new byte[Length]; //Do as much before and after lock as possible
      char[] rName = new char[Length];
      lock (rGen) //~20-50ns
      {
          rGen.NextBytes(rBytes);

          for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
          {
              while (SlightlyMoreSecurityNeeded && rBytes[i] >= biasZone) //Secure against 1/5 increased bias of index[0-7] values against others. Note: Must exclude where it == biasZone (that is >=), otherwise there's still a bias on index 0.
                  rBytes[i] = rGen.NextByte();
              rName[i] = charSet[rBytes[i] % charSet.Length];
          }
      }
      return new string(rName);
    }

性能：

SecureFastRandom - 首次单次运行= ~9-33ms . 感觉不到的 . 正在进行： 5ms （有时它上升到13ms）超过10,000次迭代，单次平均迭代= 1.5 microseconds. . 注意：通常需要2，但有时最多需要8次高速缓存刷新 - 取决于偏置区域中有多少单个字节
Random - 首次单次运行= ~0-1ms . 感觉不到的 . 正在进行中： 5ms 超过10,000次迭代 . 使用单个平均迭代= .5 microseconds. . 大约相同的速度 .

还可以看看：

这些链接是另一种方法 . 缓冲可以添加到这个新的代码库中，但最重要的是探索消除偏差的不同方法，并对速度和优点/缺点进行基准测试 .

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

1397

很简单的解决方案它使用ASCII值，只在它们之间生成"random"个字符 .

public static class UsernameTools
{
    public static string GenerateRandomUsername(int length = 10)
    {
        Random random = new Random();
        StringBuilder sbuilder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int x = 0; x < length; ++x)
        {
            sbuilder.Append((char)random.Next(33, 126));
        }
        return sbuilder.ToString();
    }

}

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

Eric J.编写的代码非常草率（很明显它是从6年前开始的......他今天可能不会编写代码），甚至还有一些问题 .

与提供的一些替代方案不同，这个方案是加密声音 .

不真实......密码有偏差（如评论中所写）， bcdefgh 比其他人更有可能（ a 不是因为 GetNonZeroBytes 它没有生成值为零的字节，所以 a 的偏差是由它 balancer 的，所以它不是真正的加密声音 .

这应该纠正所有问题 .

public static string GetUniqueKey(int size = 6, string chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890")
{
    using (var crypto = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
    {
        var data = new byte[size];

        // If chars.Length isn't a power of 2 then there is a bias if
        // we simply use the modulus operator. The first characters of
        // chars will be more probable than the last ones.

        // buffer used if we encounter an unusable random byte. We will
        // regenerate it in this buffer
        byte[] smallBuffer = null;

        // Maximum random number that can be used without introducing a
        // bias
        int maxRandom = byte.MaxValue - ((byte.MaxValue + 1) % chars.Length);

        crypto.GetBytes(data);

        var result = new char[size];

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        {
            byte v = data[i];

            while (v > maxRandom)
            {
                if (smallBuffer == null)
                {
                    smallBuffer = new byte[1];
                }

                crypto.GetBytes(smallBuffer);
                v = smallBuffer[0];
            }

            result[i] = chars[v % chars.Length];
        }

        return new string(result);
    }
}

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

最简单的：

public static string GetRandomAlphaNumeric()
{
    return Path.GetRandomFileName().Replace(".", "").Substring(0, 8);
}

如果您对char数组进行硬编码并依赖于 System.Random ，则可以获得更好的性能：

public static string GetRandomAlphaNumeric()
{
    var chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
    return new string(chars.Select(c => chars[random.Next(chars.Length)]).Take(8).ToArray());
}

如果您担心英文字母可能会在某个时间发生变化并且您可能会失去业务，那么您可以避免硬编码，但应该执行稍差（与 Path.GetRandomFileName 方法相当）

public static string GetRandomAlphaNumeric()
{
    var chars = 'a'.To('z').Concat('0'.To('9')).ToList();
    return new string(chars.Select(c => chars[random.Next(chars.Length)]).Take(8).ToArray());
}

public static IEnumerable<char> To(this char start, char end)
{
    if (end < start)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("the end char should not be less than start char", innerException: null);
    return Enumerable.Range(start, end - start + 1).Select(i => (char)i);
}

如果你可以在 System.Random 实例上使它们成为扩展方法，那么最后两种方法看起来会更好 .

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

-3

另一种选择可能是使用Linq并将随机字符聚合到字符串构建器中 .

var chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123456789".ToArray();
string pw = Enumerable.Range(0, passwordLength)
                      .Aggregate(
                          new StringBuilder(),
                          (sb, n) => sb.Append((chars[random.Next(chars.Length)])),
                          sb => sb.ToString());

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

尝试组合两个部分：唯一（序列，计数器或日期）和随机

public class RandomStringGenerator
{
    public static string Gen()
    {
        return ConvertToBase(DateTime.UtcNow.ToFileTimeUtc()) + GenRandomStrings(5); //keep length fixed at least of one part
    }

    private static string GenRandomStrings(int strLen)
    {
        var result = string.Empty;

        var Gen = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
        var data = new byte[1];

        while (result.Length < strLen)
        {
            Gen.GetNonZeroBytes(data);
            int code = data[0];
            if (code > 48 && code < 57 || // 0-9
                code > 65 && code < 90 || // A-Z
                code > 97 && code < 122   // a-z
                )
            {
                result += Convert.ToChar(code);
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    private static string ConvertToBase(long num, int nbase = 36)
    {
        var chars = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; //if you wish make algoritm more secure - change order of letter here

        // check if we can convert to another base
        if (nbase < 2 || nbase > chars.Length)
            return null;

        int r;
        var newNumber = string.Empty;

        // in r we have the offset of the char that was converted to the new base
        while (num >= nbase)
        {
            r = (int) (num % nbase);
            newNumber = chars[r] + newNumber;
            num = num / nbase;
        }
        // the last number to convert
        newNumber = chars[(int)num] + newNumber;

        return newNumber;
    }
}

测试：

[Test]
    public void Generator_Should_BeUnigue1()
    {
        //Given
        var loop = Enumerable.Range(0, 1000);
        //When
        var str = loop.Select(x=> RandomStringGenerator.Gen());
        //Then
        var distinct = str.Distinct();
        Assert.AreEqual(loop.Count(),distinct.Count()); // Or Assert.IsTrue(distinct.Count() < 0.95 * loop.Count())
    }

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

public static string RandomString(int length)
    {
        const string chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        var random = new Random();
        return new string(Enumerable.Repeat(chars, length).Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)]).ToArray());
    }

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

可怕，我知道，但我无法自拔：

namespace ConsoleApplication2
{
    using System;
    using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Random adomRng = new Random();
            string rndString = string.Empty;
            char c;

            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
            {
                while (!Regex.IsMatch((c=Convert.ToChar(adomRng.Next(48,128))).ToString(), "[A-Za-z0-9]"));
                rndString += c;
            }

            Console.WriteLine(rndString + Environment.NewLine);
        }
    }
}

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

以下是针对WinRT（Windows应用商店应用）的Eric J解决方案的变体，即加密声音：

public static string GenerateRandomString(int length)
{
    var chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890";
    var result = new StringBuilder(length);
    for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        result.Append(CryptographicBuffer.GenerateRandomNumber() % chars.Length);
    }
    return result.ToString();
}

如果性能很重要（特别是当长度很高时）：

public static string GenerateRandomString(int length)
{
    var chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890";
    var result = new System.Text.StringBuilder(length);
    var bytes = CryptographicBuffer.GenerateRandom((uint)length * 4).ToArray();
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i += 4)
    {
        result.Append(BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, i) % chars.Length);
    }
    return result.ToString();
}

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

public static class StringHelper
{
    private static readonly Random random = new Random();

    private const int randomSymbolsDefaultCount = 8;
    private const string availableChars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";

    private static int randomSymbolsIndex = 0;

    public static string GetRandomSymbols()
    {
        return GetRandomSymbols(randomSymbolsDefaultCount);
    }

    public static string GetRandomSymbols(int count)
    {
        var index = randomSymbolsIndex;
        var result = new string(
            Enumerable.Repeat(availableChars, count)
                      .Select(s => {
                          index += random.Next(s.Length);
                          if (index >= s.Length)
                              index -= s.Length;
                          return s[index];
                      })
                      .ToArray());
        randomSymbolsIndex = index;
        return result;
    }
}

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

4
Solution 1 - largest 'range' with most flexible length
```
string get_unique_string(int string_length) {
    using(var rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider()) {
        var bit_count = (string_length * 6);
        var byte_count = ((bit_count + 7) / 8); // rounded up
        var bytes = new byte[byte_count];
        rng.GetBytes(bytes);
        return Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
    }
}
```
此解决方案具有比使用GUID更多的范围，因为GUID具有一些始终相同且因此不随机的固定位，例如十六进制中的13个字符始终为“4” - 至少在版本6 GUID中 .

这个解决方案还允许您生成任意长度的字符串 .

Solution 2 - One line of code - good for up to 22 characters
```
Convert.ToBase64String(Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray()).Substring(0, 8);
```
只要解决方案1和字符串不是't have the same range due to fixed bits in GUID'，就不能生成字符串，但在很多情况下，这将完成工作 .

Solution 3 - Slightly less code
```
Guid.NewGuid().ToString("n").Substring(0, 8);
```
主要是为了历史目的而保留这里 . 它使用稍微少一点的代码，虽然这是为了减少范围 - 因为它使用十六进制而不是base64，与其他解决方案相比，它需要更多的字符来表示相同的范围 .

这意味着更多的碰撞机会 - 用100,000个迭代的8个字符串测试它产生一个重复 .
回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

172

Question: 为什么我要浪费时间使用 Enumerable.Range 而不是输入 "ABCDEFGHJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789" ？

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Test
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var randomCharacters = GetRandomCharacters(8, true);
        Console.WriteLine(new string(randomCharacters.ToArray()));
    }

    private static List<char> getAvailableRandomCharacters(bool includeLowerCase)
    {
        var integers = Enumerable.Empty<int>();
        integers = integers.Concat(Enumerable.Range('A', 26));
        integers = integers.Concat(Enumerable.Range('0', 10));

        if ( includeLowerCase )
            integers = integers.Concat(Enumerable.Range('a', 26));

        return integers.Select(i => (char)i).ToList();
    }

    public static IEnumerable<char> GetRandomCharacters(int count, bool includeLowerCase)
    {
        var characters = getAvailableRandomCharacters(includeLowerCase);
        var random = new Random();
        var result = Enumerable.Range(0, count)
            .Select(_ => characters[random.Next(characters.Count)]);

        return result;
    }
}

Answer: 魔术字符串很糟糕 . 是否有人注意到我的字符串顶部没有“ I ”？我的母亲教我不要使用魔法弦这个原因......

注： 1：正如许多其他像@dtb所说的那样，如果你需要加密安全性，请不要使用 System.Random ...

注： 2：这个答案不是最有效或最短的，但我希望空间能够将答案与问题分开 . 我的回答的目的更多的是警告魔法字符串，而不是提供一个奇特的创新答案 .

回复于 2024-04-26T07:24:08+08:00

如何生成随机字母数字字符串？ [关闭]

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