我想在JavaScript中使用XMLHttpRequest发送一些数据 .

假设我在HTML中有以下表单：

<form name="inputform" action="somewhere" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" value="person" name="user">
    <input type="hidden" value="password" name="pwd">
    <input type="hidden" value="place" name="organization">
    <input type="hidden" value="key" name="requiredkey">
</form>

如何在JavaScript中使用XMLHttpRequest编写等效文件？

8 回答

217

下面的代码演示了如何执行此操作 .

var http = new XMLHttpRequest();
var url = 'get_data.php';
var params = 'orem=ipsum&name=binny';
http.open('POST', url, true);

//Send the proper header information along with the request
http.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');

http.onreadystatechange = function() {//Call a function when the state changes.
    if(http.readyState == 4 && http.status == 200) {
        alert(http.responseText);
    }
}
http.send(params);

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('POST', 'somewhere', true);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
xhr.onload = function () {
    // do something to response
    console.log(this.responseText);
};
xhr.send('user=person&pwd=password&organization=place&requiredkey=key');

或者，如果您可以依赖浏览器支持，则可以使用FormData：

var data = new FormData();
data.append('user', 'person');
data.append('pwd', 'password');
data.append('organization', 'place');
data.append('requiredkey', 'key');

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('POST', 'somewhere', true);
xhr.onload = function () {
    // do something to response
    console.log(this.responseText);
};
xhr.send(data);

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

使用现代JavaScript！

我建议调查 fetch . 它是ES5的等价物并使用Promises . 它更易读，更容易定制 .

const url = "http://example.com";
fetch(url, {
    method : "POST",
    body: new FormData(document.getElementById("inputform")),
    // -- or --
    // body : JSON.stringify({
        // user : document.getElementById('user').value,
        // ...
    // })
}).then(
    response => response.text() // .json(), etc.
    // same as function(response) {return response.text();}
).then(
    html => console.log(html)
);

更多信息：

Mozilla Documentation

Can I Use (88% Mar 2018)

Matt Walsh Tutorial

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

最少使用FormData提交AJAX请求

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge, chrome=1"/>
<script>
"use strict";
function submitForm(oFormElement)
{
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.onload = function(){ alert (xhr.responseText); } // success case
  xhr.onerror = function(){ alert (xhr.responseText); } // failure case
  xhr.open (oFormElement.method, oFormElement.action, true);
  xhr.send (new FormData (oFormElement));
  return false;
}
</script>
</head>

<body>
<form method="post" action="somewhere" onsubmit="return submitForm(this);">
  <input type="hidden" value="person"   name="user" />
  <input type="hidden" value="password" name="pwd" />
  <input type="hidden" value="place"    name="organization" />
  <input type="hidden" value="key"      name="requiredkey" />
  <input type="submit" value="post request"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

备注

这不完全回答OP问题，因为它要求用户单击以提交请求 . 但这对于寻找这种简单解决方案的人来说可能是有用的 .
此示例非常简单，不支持 GET 方法 . 如果你对更复杂的例子感兴趣，请看看优秀的MDN documentation . 另见similar answer about XMLHttpRequest to Post HTML Form .
此解决方案的局限性：正如Justin Blank和Thomas Munk（参见他们的评论）所指出的，IE9及更低版本以及Android 2.3上的默认浏览器不支持 FormData .

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

没有需要的插件！

只需在 BOOKMARK BAR 中拖动任何链接（即THIS LINK）（如果您没有看到它，从浏览器设置启用），然后 EDIT 链接：

enter image description here

并插入javascript代码：

javascript:var my_params = prompt("Enter your parameters", "var1=aaaa&var2=bbbbb"); var Target_LINK = prompt("Enter destination", location.href); function post(path, params) { var xForm = document.createElement("form"); xForm.setAttribute("method", "post"); xForm.setAttribute("action", path); for (var key in params) { if (params.hasOwnProperty(key)) { var hiddenField = document.createElement("input"); hiddenField.setAttribute("name", key); hiddenField.setAttribute("value", params[key]); xForm.appendChild(hiddenField); } } var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onload = function () { alert(xhr.responseText); }; xhr.open(xForm.method, xForm.action, true); xhr.send(new FormData(xForm)); return false; } parsed_params = {}; my_params.split("&").forEach(function (item) { var s = item.split("="), k = s[0], v = s[1]; parsed_params[k] = v; }); post(Target_LINK, parsed_params); void(0);

That's all! 现在您可以访问任何网站，然后单击 BOOKMARK BAR 中的该按钮！

注意：

上面的方法使用 XMLHttpRequest 方法发送数据，因此，您必须在触发脚本时位于同一个域中 . 这就是为什么我更喜欢使用模拟的FORM SUBMITTING发送数据，这可以将代码发送到任何域 - 这里是代码：

javascript:var my_params=prompt("Enter your parameters","var1=aaaa&var2=bbbbb"); var Target_LINK=prompt("Enter destination", location.href); function post(path, params) {   var xForm= document.createElement("form");   xForm.setAttribute("method", "post");   xForm.setAttribute("action", path); xForm.setAttribute("target", "_blank");   for(var key in params) {   if(params.hasOwnProperty(key)) {        var hiddenField = document.createElement("input");      hiddenField.setAttribute("name", key);      hiddenField.setAttribute("value", params[key]);         xForm.appendChild(hiddenField);     }   }   document.body.appendChild(xForm);  xForm.submit(); }   parsed_params={}; my_params.split("&").forEach(function(item) {var s = item.split("="), k=s[0], v=s[1]; parsed_params[k] = v;}); post(Target_LINK, parsed_params); void(0);

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

这是application-json的完整解决方案：

// Input values will be grabbed by ID
<input id="loginEmail" type="text" name="email" placeholder="Email">
<input id="loginPassword" type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password">

// return stops normal action and runs login()
<button onclick="return login()">Submit</button>

<script>
    function login() {
        // Form fields, see IDs above
        const params = {
            email: document.querySelector('#loginEmail').value,
            password: document.querySelector('#loginPassword').value
        }

        const http = new XMLHttpRequest()
        http.open('POST', '/login')
        http.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/json')
        http.send(JSON.stringify(params)) // Make sure to stringify
        http.onload = function() {
            // Do whatever with response
            alert(http.responseText)
        }
    }
</script>

确保您的Backend API可以解析JSON .

例如，在Express JS中：

import bodyParser from 'body-parser'
app.use(bodyParser.json())

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

587

我遇到过类似的问题，使用相同的帖子而且这个link我已经解决了我的问题 .

var http = new XMLHttpRequest();
 var url = "MY_URL.Com/login.aspx";
 var params = 'eid=' +userEmailId+'&amp;pwd='+userPwd

 http.open("POST", url, true);

 // Send the proper header information along with the request
 //http.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
 //http.setRequestHeader("Content-Length", params.length);// all browser wont support Refused to set unsafe header "Content-Length"
 //http.setRequestHeader("Connection", "close");//Refused to set unsafe header "Connection"

 // Call a function when the state 
 http.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if(http.readyState == 4 && http.status == 200) {
        alert(http.responseText);
    }
 }
 http.send(params);

这link已完成信息 .

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

var util = {
    getAttribute: function (dom, attr) {
        if (dom.getAttribute !== undefined) {
            return dom.getAttribute(attr);
        } else if (dom[attr] !== undefined) {
            return dom[attr];
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    },
    addEvent: function (obj, evtName, func) {
        //Primero revisar attributos si existe o no.
        if (obj.addEventListener) {
            obj.addEventListener(evtName, func, false);

        } else if (obj.attachEvent) {
            obj.attachEvent(evtName, func);
        } else {
            if (this.getAttribute("on" + evtName) !== undefined) {
                obj["on" + evtName] = func;
            } else {
                obj[evtName] = func;
            }

        }

    },
    removeEvent: function (obj, evtName, func) {
        if (obj.removeEventListener) {
            obj.removeEventListener(evtName, func, false);
        } else if (obj.detachEvent) {
            obj.detachEvent(evtName, func);
        } else {
            if (this.getAttribute("on" + evtName) !== undefined) {
                obj["on" + evtName] = null;
            } else {
                obj[evtName] = null;
            }
        }

    },
    getAjaxObject: function () {
        var xhttp = null;
        //XDomainRequest
        if ("XMLHttpRequest" in window) {
            xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        } else {
            // code for IE6, IE5
            xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        }
        return xhttp;
    }

};

//START CODE HERE.

var xhr = util.getAjaxObject();

var isUpload = (xhr && ('upload' in xhr) && ('onprogress' in xhr.upload));

if (isUpload) {
    util.addEvent(xhr, "progress", xhrEvt.onProgress());
    util.addEvent(xhr, "loadstart", xhrEvt.onLoadStart);
    util.addEvent(xhr, "abort", xhrEvt.onAbort);
}

util.addEvent(xhr, "readystatechange", xhrEvt.ajaxOnReadyState);

var xhrEvt = {
    onProgress: function (e) {
        if (e.lengthComputable) {
            //Loaded bytes.
            var cLoaded = e.loaded;
        }
    },
    onLoadStart: function () {
    },
    onAbort: function () {
    },
    onReadyState: function () {
        var state = xhr.readyState;
        var httpStatus = xhr.status;

        if (state === 4 && httpStatus === 200) {
            //Completed success.
            var data = xhr.responseText;
        }

    }
};
//CONTINUE YOUR CODE HERE.
xhr.open('POST', 'mypage.php', true);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');


if ('FormData' in window) {
    var formData = new FormData();
    formData.append("user", "aaaaa");
    formData.append("pass", "bbbbb");

    xhr.send(formData);

} else {

    xhr.send("?user=aaaaa&pass=bbbbb");
}

回复于 2024-05-02T12:58:03+08:00

使用XMLHttpRequest发送POST数据

8 回答

使用现代JavaScript！

最少使用FormData提交AJAX请求

备注

没有需要的插件！

注意：

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