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在1.5秒内找到超过2000万个3到4个不同整数的中位数

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我试图排序并找到一个只包含3到4个不同整数的整数字符串的中位数 .

我正在处理的数字量大约为2千万到2千5百万,我应该对向量进行排序,每次将新整数添加到向量中时找到中位数,并将中位数添加到单独的“总计”变量中每次生成中位数时,它会汇总所有中位数 .

1                   Median: 1              Total: 1
1 , 2               Median: (1+2)/2 = 1    Total: 1 + 1 = 2
1 , 2 , 3           Median: 2              Total: 2 + 2 = 4
1 , 1 , 2 , 3       Median: (1+2)/2 = 1    Total: 4 + 1 = 5
1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3   Median: 1              Total: 5 + 1 = 6

我试图找到一种方法来进一步优化我的代码,因为它不够高效 . (必须在2s左右处理)有没有人知道如何进一步加快我的代码逻辑?

我目前在C中使用2个堆或优先级队列 . 一个用作最大堆,另一个用作最小堆 .

Data structure to find median得到了这个想法

You can use 2 heaps, that we will call Left and Right.
Left is a Max-Heap.
Right is a Min-Heap.
Insertion is done like this:

If the new element x is smaller than the root of Left then we insert x to 
Left.
Else we insert x to Right.
If after insertion Left has count of elements that is greater than 1 from 
the count of elements of Right, then we call Extract-Max on Left and insert 
it to Right.
Else if after insertion Right has count of elements that is greater than the 
count of elements of Left, then we call Extract-Min on Right and insert it 
to Left.
The median is always the root of Left.

So insertion is done in O(lg n) time and getting the median is done in O(1) 
time.

但它还不够快......

2 回答

  • 2

    如果字符串中只有三到四个不同的整数,则可以通过遍历字符串一次来跟踪每个整数出现的次数 . 在此表示中添加(和删除元素)也是可以在恒定时间内完成的 .

    class MedianFinder
    {
    public:
      MedianFinder(const std::vector<int>& inputString)
      {
        for (int element : inputString)
          _counts[element]++; // Inserts 0 into map if element is not in there.
      }
    
      void addStringEntry(int entry)
      {
        _counts[entry]++;
      }
    
      int getMedian() const
      {
        size_t numberOfElements = 0;
        for (auto kvp : _counts)
          numberOfElements += kvp.second;
    
        size_t cumulativeCount = 0;
        int lastValueBeforeMedian;
        for (auto kvp : _counts)
        {
          cumulativeCount += kvp.second;
          if (cumulativeCount >= numberOfElements/2)
            lastValueBeforeMedian = kvp.first;
        }
    
        // TODO! Handle the case of the median being in between two buckets.
        //return ...
      }
    
    private:
      std::map<int, size_t> _counts;
    };
    

    这里没有显示总结中位数的微不足道的任务 .

  • 8

    我不会专注于优化,而是将复杂性从 O(n * log n) 降低到 O(n) .

    您的算法是 O(n * log n) ,因为您执行 n 插入,每个成本分摊 O(log n) 时间 .

    有一个众所周知的 O(n) algorithm for median finding . 我建议用这个 .

    通常 log n 并不是什么大问题,但对于2000万元素,它可以使你的算法快25倍 .

    哦,我的坏 . 我没有意识到只有3-4个不同的整数...

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