使用Minimax算法的NIM游戏和AI玩家 - AI会失去动作

我已经完成了与人类玩家和AI玩家一起编写NIM游戏的任务 . 该游戏是“Misere”（最后一个必须选择一根棒） . 人工智能应该是使用Minimax算法，但它正在进行移动，使其失去更快，我无法弄清楚为什么 . 我已经连续几天走到了尽头 . Minimax算法的目的是不输，如果它处于失败状态，延迟失去尽可能多的动作，对吧？

考虑以下：

NIMBoard board =新的NIMBoard（34,2）;

• 34 =棒的二进制编码位置，2桩2支

• 2 =桩数

所以我们从这个场景开始，*字符代表一个棒：

Row 0: **
Row 1: **

在这种特殊的电路板情况下，Minimax算法总是提出“从第1行中删除2支”的动作 . 这显然是一个糟糕的举动，因为它在第0行留下2支，然后人类玩家可以从第0行中挑选1支并赢得比赛 .

AI玩家应该选择从任何一堆中挑选一根棍子 . 这留给了人类玩家：

Row 0: *
Row 1: **

因此，无论人类玩家现在采取何种行动，当计算机在此之后进行下一步行动时，人类玩家将永远失败 . 显然是一个更好的策略，但为什么算法没有提出这一举措呢？

public class Minimax
{

    public Move nextMove;

    public int evaluateComputerMove(NIMBoard board, int depth)
    {
        int maxValue = -2;
        int calculated;
        if(board.isFinal())
        {
            return -1;
        }
        for(Move n : this.generateSuccessors(board))
        {
            NIMBoard newBoard = new NIMBoard(board.getPos(), board.getNumPiles());
            newBoard.parseMove(n);
            calculated = this.evaluateHumanMove(newBoard, depth + 1);
            if(calculated > maxValue)
            {
                maxValue = calculated;
                if(depth == 0)
                {
                    System.out.println("Setting next move");
                    this.nextMove = n;
                }
            }

        }

        if(maxValue == -2)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        return maxValue;
    }

    public int evaluateHumanMove(NIMBoard board, int depth)
    {
        int minValue = 2;
        int calculated;
        if(board.isFinal())
        {
            return 1;
        }
        for(Move n : this.generateSuccessors(board))
        {
            NIMBoard newBoard = new NIMBoard(board.getPos(), board.getNumPiles());
            newBoard.parseMove(n);
            calculated = this.evaluateComputerMove(newBoard, depth + 1);
            // minValue = Integer.min(this.evaluateComputerMove(newBoard, depth + 1), minValue);
            if(calculated < minValue)
            {
                minValue = calculated;
            }
        }
        if(minValue == 2)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        return minValue;
    }

    public ArrayList<Move> generateSuccessors(NIMBoard start)
    {
        ArrayList<Move> successors = new ArrayList<Move>();
        for(int i = start.getNumPiles() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            for(long j = start.getCountForPile(i); j > 0; j--)
            {
                Move newMove = new Move(i, j);
                successors.add(newMove);
            }
        }

        return successors;
    }
}

public class NIMBoard
{
    /**
     * We use 4 bits to store the number of sticks which gives us these
     * maximums:
     * - 16 piles
     * - 15 sticks per pile
     */
    private static int PILE_BIT_SIZE = 4;
    private long pos;
    private int numPiles;
    private long pileMask;

    /**
     * Instantiate a new NIM board
     * @param pos Number of sticks in each pile
     * @param numPiles Number of piles
     */
    public NIMBoard(long pos, int numPiles)
    {
        super();
        this.pos        = pos;
        this.numPiles   = numPiles;

        this.pileMask   = (long) Math.pow(2, NIMBoard.PILE_BIT_SIZE) - 1;
    }

    /**
     * Is this an endgame board?
     * @return true if there's only one stick left
     */
    public boolean isFinal()
    {
        return this.onePileHasOnlyOneStick();
    }

    /**
     * Figure out if the board has a pile with only one stick in it
     * @return true if yes
     */
    public boolean onePileHasOnlyOneStick()
    {        
        int count = 0;

        for(int i = 0; i < this.numPiles; i++)
        {
            count += this.getCountForPile(i);
        }

        if(count > 1)
        {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }


    public int getNumPiles()
    {
        return this.numPiles;
    }

    public long getPos()
    {
        return this.pos;
    }


    public long getCountInPile(int pile)
    {
        return this.pos & (this.pileMask << (pile * NIMBoard.PILE_BIT_SIZE));
    }

    public long getCountForPile(int pile)
    {
        return this.getCountInPile(pile) >> (pile * NIMBoard.PILE_BIT_SIZE);
    }

    public void parseMove(Move move)
    {
        this.pos = this.pos - (move.getCount() << (move.getPile() * NIMBoard.PILE_BIT_SIZE));
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        String tmp = "";
        for(int i = 0; i < this.numPiles; i++)
        {
            tmp += "Row " + i + "\t";
            for(int j = 0; j < this.getCountForPile(i); j++)
            {
                tmp += "*";
            }
            tmp += System.lineSeparator();
        }

        return tmp.trim();
    }

}