Java - 通过POST方法轻松发送HTTP参数-Java 学习之路

275

我成功使用此代码通过 GET 方法发送带有一些参数的 HTTP 请求

void sendRequest(String request)
{
    // i.e.: request = "http://example.com/index.php?param1=a&param2=b&param3=c";
    URL url = new URL(request); 
    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();           
    connection.setDoOutput(true); 
    connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false); 
    connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); 
    connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/plain"); 
    connection.setRequestProperty("charset", "utf-8");
    connection.connect();
}

现在我可能需要通过 POST 方法发送参数（即param1，param2，param3），因为它们非常长 . 我想在该方法中添加一个额外的参数（即String httpMethod） .

如何能够尽可能少地更改上面的代码，以便能够通过 GET 或 POST 发送参数？

我希望改变

connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

至

connection.setRequestMethod("POST");

本来可以做到的，但参数仍然是通过GET方法发送的 .

HttpURLConnection 有任何方法可以帮助吗？有没有有用的Java构造？

任何帮助将非常感谢 .

16 回答

在GET请求中，参数作为URL的一部分发送 .

在POST请求中，参数在标头之后作为请求的主体发送 .

要使用HttpURLConnection执行POST，您需要在打开连接后将参数写入连接 .

这段代码应该让你入门：

String urlParameters  = "param1=a&param2=b&param3=c";
byte[] postData       = urlParameters.getBytes( StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
int    postDataLength = postData.length;
String request        = "http://example.com/index.php";
URL    url            = new URL( request );
HttpURLConnection conn= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();           
conn.setDoOutput( true );
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects( false );
conn.setRequestMethod( "POST" );
conn.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 
conn.setRequestProperty( "charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty( "Content-Length", Integer.toString( postDataLength ));
conn.setUseCaches( false );
try( DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream( conn.getOutputStream())) {
   wr.write( postData );
}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

428

这是一个提交表单然后将结果页面转储到 System.out 的简单示例 . 当然，适当地更改URL和POST参数：

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("http://example.net/new-message.php");
        Map<String,Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        params.put("name", "Freddie the Fish");
        params.put("email", "fishie@seamail.example.com");
        params.put("reply_to_thread", 10394);
        params.put("message", "Shark attacks in Botany Bay have gotten out of control. We need more defensive dolphins to protect the schools here, but Mayor Porpoise is too busy stuffing his snout with lobsters. He's so shellfish.");

        StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
        for (Map.Entry<String,Object> param : params.entrySet()) {
            if (postData.length() != 0) postData.append('&');
            postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
            postData.append('=');
            postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(param.getValue()), "UTF-8"));
        }
        byte[] postDataBytes = postData.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");

        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(postDataBytes.length));
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        conn.getOutputStream().write(postDataBytes);

        Reader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));

        for (int c; (c = in.read()) >= 0;)
            System.out.print((char)c);
    }
}

如果您希望结果为 String 而不是直接打印出来：

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int c; (c = in.read()) >= 0;)
            sb.append((char)c);
        String response = sb.toString();

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

我无法让Alan's example实际发帖，所以我最终得到了这个：

String urlParameters = "param1=a&param2=b&param3=c";
URL url = new URL("http://example.com/index.php");
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();

conn.setDoOutput(true);

OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());

writer.write(urlParameters);
writer.flush();

String line;
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));

while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    System.out.println(line);
}
writer.close();
reader.close();

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

0
我发现 HttpURLConnection 真的很麻烦 . 而且你必须编写很多样板，容易出错的代码 . 我需要为我的Android项目提供一个轻量级的包装器，并提供了一个可以使用的库： DavidWebb .

上面的例子可以这样写：
```
Webb webb = Webb.create();
webb.post("http://example.com/index.php")
        .param("param1", "a")
        .param("param2", "b")
        .param("param3", "c")
        .ensureSuccess()
        .asVoid();
```
您可以在提供的链接上找到替代库的列表 .
回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00
4

我看到其他一些答案已经给出了替代方案，我个人认为直觉上你做的是正确的事情;） . 对不起，在devoxx，几个发言者一直在咆哮这种事情 .

那个_____7665_的HTTPClient / HttpCore库做了这样的工作，我发现他们的API比Java的本机HTTP支持更容易使用 . YMMV当然！

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

import java.net.*;

public class Demo{

  public static void main(){

       String data = "data=Hello+World!";
       URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8084/WebListenerServer/webListener");
       HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
       con.setRequestMethod("POST");
       con.setDoOutput(true);
       con.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
       con.getInputStream();

    }

}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

-4

我已阅读上述答案并创建了一个实用程序类来简化HTTP请求 . 我希望它会对你有所帮助 .

Method Call

// send params with Hash Map
    HashMap<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
    params.put("email","me@example.com");
    params.put("password","12345");

    //server url
    String url = "http://www.example.com";

    // static class "HttpUtility" with static method "newRequest(url,method,callback)"
    HttpUtility.newRequest(url,HttpUtility.METHOD_POST,params, new HttpUtility.Callback() {
        @Override
        public void OnSuccess(String response) {
        // on success
           System.out.println("Server OnSuccess response="+response);
        }
        @Override
        public void OnError(int status_code, String message) {
        // on error
              System.out.println("Server OnError status_code="+status_code+" message="+message);
        }
    });

Utility Class

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;

public class HttpUtility {

 public static final int METHOD_GET = 0; // METHOD GET
 public static final int METHOD_POST = 1; // METHOD POST

 // Callback interface
 public interface Callback {
  // abstract methods
  public void OnSuccess(String response);
  public void OnError(int status_code, String message);
 }
 // static method
 public static void newRequest(String web_url, int method, HashMap < String, String > params, Callback callback) {

  // thread for handling async task
  new Thread(new Runnable() {
   @Override
   public void run() {
    try {
     String url = web_url;
     // write GET params,append with url
     if (method == METHOD_GET && params != null) {
      for (Map.Entry < String, String > item: params.entrySet()) {
       String key = URLEncoder.encode(item.getKey(), "UTF-8");
       String value = URLEncoder.encode(item.getValue(), "UTF-8");
       if (!url.contains("?")) {
        url += "?" + key + "=" + value;
       } else {
        url += "&" + key + "=" + value;
       }
      }
     }

     HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
     urlConnection.setDoOutput(true); // write POST params
     urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
     urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // handle url encoded form data
     urlConnection.setRequestProperty("charset", "utf-8");
     if (method == METHOD_GET) {
      urlConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
     } else if (method == METHOD_POST) {
      urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
     }

     //write POST data 
     if (method == METHOD_POST && params != null) {
      StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
      for (Map.Entry < String, String > item: params.entrySet()) {
       if (postData.length() != 0) postData.append('&');
       postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(item.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
       postData.append('=');
       postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(item.getValue()), "UTF-8"));
      }
      byte[] postDataBytes = postData.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
      urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(postDataBytes.length));
      urlConnection.getOutputStream().write(postDataBytes);

     }
     // server response code
     int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
     if (responseCode == HTTP_OK && callback != null) {
      BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(urlConnection.getInputStream()));
      StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
      String line;
      while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
       response.append(line);
      }
      // callback success
      callback.OnSuccess(response.toString());
      reader.close(); // close BufferReader
     } else if (callback != null) {
      // callback error
      callback.OnError(responseCode, urlConnection.getResponseMessage());
     }

     urlConnection.disconnect(); // disconnect connection
    } catch (IOException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
     if (callback != null) {
      // callback error
      callback.OnError(500, e.getLocalizedMessage());
     }
    }
   }
  }).start(); // start thread
 }
}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

我遇到过同样的问题 . 我想通过POST发送数据 . 我使用了以下代码：

URL url = new URL("http://example.com/getval.php");
    Map<String,Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    params.put("param1", param1);
    params.put("param2", param2);

    StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
    for (Map.Entry<String,Object> param : params.entrySet()) {
        if (postData.length() != 0) postData.append('&');
        postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
        postData.append('=');
        postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(param.getValue()), "UTF-8"));
    }
    String urlParameters = postData.toString();
    URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();

    conn.setDoOutput(true);

    OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());

    writer.write(urlParameters);
    writer.flush();

    String result = "";
    String line;
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));

    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        result += line;
    }
    writer.close();
    reader.close()
    System.out.println(result);

我使用Jsoup进行解析：

Document doc = Jsoup.parseBodyFragment(value);
    Iterator<Element> opts = doc.select("option").iterator();
    for (;opts.hasNext();) {
        Element item = opts.next();
        if (item.hasAttr("value")) {
            System.out.println(item.attr("value"));
        }
    }

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

试试这种模式：

public static PricesResponse getResponse(EventRequestRaw request) {

    // String urlParameters  = "param1=a&param2=b&param3=c";
    String urlParameters = Piping.serialize(request);

    HttpURLConnection conn = RestClient.getPOSTConnection(endPoint, urlParameters);

    PricesResponse response = null;

    try {
        // POST
        OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
        writer.write(urlParameters);
        writer.flush();

        // RESPONSE
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((conn.getInputStream()), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        String json = Buffering.getString(reader);
        response = (PricesResponse) Piping.deserialize(json, PricesResponse.class);

        writer.close();
        reader.close();

    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    conn.disconnect();

    System.out.println("PricesClient: " + response.toString());

    return response;
}

public static HttpURLConnection getPOSTConnection(String endPoint, String urlParameters) {

    return RestClient.getConnection(endPoint, "POST", urlParameters);

}


public static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String endPoint, String method, String urlParameters) {

    System.out.println("ENDPOINT " + endPoint + " METHOD " + method);
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;

    try {
        URL url = new URL(endPoint);
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod(method);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/plain");

    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return conn;
}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

这里我发送jsonobject作为参数// jsonobject = {"name"："lucifer"，"pass"："abc"} // serverUrl =“http://192.168.100.12/testing”//host=192.168.100.12

public static String getJson(String serverUrl,String host,String jsonobject){

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    String http = serverUrl;

    HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
    try {
        URL url = new URL(http);
        urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
        urlConnection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
        urlConnection.setReadTimeout(50000);
        urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
        urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", host);
        urlConnection.connect();
        //You Can also Create JSONObject here 
        OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(urlConnection.getOutputStream());
        out.write(jsonobject);// here i sent the parameter
        out.close();
        int HttpResult = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
        if (HttpResult == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    urlConnection.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line + "\n");
            }
            br.close();
            Log.e("new Test", "" + sb.toString());
            return sb.toString();
        } else {
            Log.e(" ", "" + urlConnection.getResponseMessage());
        }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (JSONException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        if (urlConnection != null)
            urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
    return null;
}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

我强烈建议在apache http api上构建http-request .

对于您的情况，您可以看到示例：

private static final HttpRequest<String.class> HTTP_REQUEST = 
      HttpRequestBuilder.createPost("http://example.com/index.php", String.class)
           .responseDeserializer(ResponseDeserializer.ignorableDeserializer())
           .build();

public void sendRequest(String request){
     String parameters = request.split("\\?")[1];
     ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = 
            HTTP_REQUEST.executeWithQuery(parameters);

   System.out.println(responseHandler.getStatusCode());
   System.out.println(responseHandler.get()); //prints response body
}

如果您对响应机构不感兴趣

private static final HttpRequest<?> HTTP_REQUEST = 
     HttpRequestBuilder.createPost("http://example.com/index.php").build();

public void sendRequest(String request){
     ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = 
           HTTP_REQUEST.executeWithQuery(parameters);
}

对于http-request的一般发送请求：阅读文档并查看我的答案HTTP POST request with JSON String in JAVA，Sending HTTP POST Request In Java，HTTP POST using JSON in Java

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

GET和POST方法设置如下...... api调用的两种类型1）get（）和2）post（） . get（）方法从api json数组中获取值以获取值和post（）方法在url中的数据post中使用并得到响应 .

public class HttpClientForExample {

    private final String USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        HttpClientExample http = new HttpClientExample();

        System.out.println("Testing 1 - Send Http GET request");
        http.sendGet();

        System.out.println("\nTesting 2 - Send Http POST request");
        http.sendPost();

    }

    // HTTP GET request
    private void sendGet() throws Exception {

        String url = "http://www.google.com/search?q=developer";

        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);

        // add request header
        request.addHeader("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);

        HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

        System.out.println("\nSending 'GET' request to URL : " + url);
        System.out.println("Response Code : " + 
                       response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());

        BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(
                       new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));

        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        String line = "";
        while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) {
            result.append(line);
        }

        System.out.println(result.toString());

    }

    // HTTP POST request
    private void sendPost() throws Exception {

        String url = "https://selfsolve.apple.com/wcResults.do";

        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);

        // add header
        post.setHeader("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);

        List<NameValuePair> urlParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        urlParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("sn", "C02G8416DRJM"));
        urlParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("cn", ""));
        urlParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("locale", ""));
        urlParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("caller", ""));
        urlParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("num", "12345"));

        post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(urlParameters));

        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
        System.out.println("\nSending 'POST' request to URL : " + url);
        System.out.println("Post parameters : " + post.getEntity());
        System.out.println("Response Code : " + 
                                    response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());

        BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(
                        new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));

        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        String line = "";
        while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) {
            result.append(line);
        }

        System.out.println(result.toString());

    }

}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

您好请使用此类来改进您的post方法

public static JSONObject doPostRequest(HashMap<String, String> data, String url) {

    try {
        RequestBody requestBody;
        MultipartBuilder mBuilder = new MultipartBuilder().type(MultipartBuilder.FORM);

        if (data != null) {


            for (String key : data.keySet()) {
                String value = data.get(key);
                Utility.printLog("Key Values", key + "-----------------" + value);

                mBuilder.addFormDataPart(key, value);

            }
        } else {
            mBuilder.addFormDataPart("temp", "temp");
        }
        requestBody = mBuilder.build();


        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(requestBody)
                .build();

        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
        String responseBody = response.body().string();
        Utility.printLog("URL", url);
        Utility.printLog("Response", responseBody);
        return new JSONObject(responseBody);

    } catch (UnknownHostException | UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

        JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject();

        try {
            jsonObject.put("status","false");
            jsonObject.put("message",e.getLocalizedMessage());
        } catch (JSONException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        Log.e(TAG, "Error: " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject();

        try {
            jsonObject.put("status","false");
            jsonObject.put("message",e.getLocalizedMessage());
        } catch (JSONException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        Log.e(TAG, "Other Error: " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
    }
    return null;
}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

我接受了Boann的回答并用它来创建一个更灵活的查询字符串构建器，它支持列表和数组，就像php的http_build_query方法一样：

public static byte[] httpBuildQueryString(Map<String, Object> postsData) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
    for (Map.Entry<String,Object> param : postsData.entrySet()) {
        if (postData.length() != 0) postData.append('&');

        Object value = param.getValue();
        String key = param.getKey();

        if(value instanceof Object[] || value instanceof List<?>)
        {
            int size = value instanceof Object[] ? ((Object[])value).length : ((List<?>)value).size();
            for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            {
                Object val = value instanceof Object[] ? ((Object[])value)[i] : ((List<?>)value).get(i);
                if(i>0) postData.append('&');
                postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(key + "[" + i + "]", "UTF-8"));
                postData.append('=');            
                postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(val), "UTF-8"));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(key, "UTF-8"));
            postData.append('=');            
            postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(value), "UTF-8"));
        }
    }
    return postData.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
}

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

这个答案涵盖了使用自定义Java POJO进行POST调用的具体情况 .

使用Gson的maven依赖项将我们的Java对象序列化为JSON .

使用下面的依赖项安装Gson .

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
  <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
  <version>2.8.5</version>
  <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

对于那些使用gradle可以使用下面

dependencies {
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.5'
}

使用的其他进口：

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.*;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

现在，我们可以继续使用Apache提供的HttpPost

private CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("https://example.com");

Product product = new Product(); //custom java object to be posted as Request Body
    Gson gson = new Gson();
    String client = gson.toJson(product);

    httppost.setEntity(new StringEntity(client, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON));
    httppost.setHeader("RANDOM-HEADER", "headervalue");
    //Execute and get the response.
    HttpResponse response = null;
    try {
        response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new InternalServerErrorException("Post fails");
    }
    Response.Status responseStatus = Response.Status.fromStatusCode(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    return Response.status(responseStatus).build();

上面的代码将返回从POST调用收到的响应代码

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

200

看来您还必须调用 connection.getOutputStream() "at least once"（以及 setDoOutput(true) ）才能将其视为POST .

所以最低要求的代码是：

URL url = new URL(urlString);
    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    //connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); this doesn't seem to do anything at all..so not useful
    connection.setDoOutput(true); // set it to POST...not enough by itself however, also need the getOutputStream call...
    connection.connect();
    connection.getOutputStream().close();

你甚至可以在urlString中使用“GET”样式参数 . 虽然这可能会让事情变得混乱 .

你也可以使用NameValuePair .

回复于 2024-04-26T09:07:31+08:00

Java - 通过POST方法轻松发送HTTP参数

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