在Debian 8上安装Docker

使用https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/debian/中描述的apt-get -y安装docker-engine安装失败

Job for docker.service failed. See 'systemctl status docker.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.

systemctl status docker.service给出

● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2017-02-19 11:03:55 CET; 1min 22s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 5157 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.594281147+01:00" level=error msg="'overlay' not found as a supported filesystem on this host. Please ensure kernel is new enough and has overlay support loaded."
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.595650295+01:00" level=error msg="'overlay' not found as a supported filesystem on this host. Please ensure kernel is new enough and has overlay support loaded."
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.640984406+01:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.00 seconds"
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.642147968+01:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support oom control"
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.642181377+01:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support memory swappiness"
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.642199036+01:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support kernel memory limit"
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.642215415+01:00" level=warning msg="Unable to find cpu cgroup in mounts"
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.642262936+01:00" level=warning msg="Unable to find cpuset cgroup in mounts"
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: time="2017-02-19T11:03:55.642312565+01:00" level=warning msg="mountpoint for pids not found"
Feb 19 11:03:55 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[5157]: Error starting daemon: Devices cgroup isn't mounted

似乎没有在我的发行版上安装覆盖模块（它是托管的虚拟服务器） .

uname -r
3.16.0-042stab120.11

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 8.7 (jessie)
Release:    8.7
Codename:   jessie

使用apt-get install -t更新内核（https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/）jessie-backports linux-image-amd64将覆盖模块安装在/lib/modules/4.9.0-0.bpo.1-amd64/kernel/fs/overlayfs/overlay中.ko但这仍然不允许我安装docker，我得到与上面提到的相同的错误 .

编辑：这是 docker version 告诉我的

Client:
 Version:      1.13.1
 API version:  1.26
 Go version:   go1.7.5
 Git commit:   092cba3
 Built:        Wed Feb  8 06:36:34 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

编辑2：我在VirtualBox Debian Jessie的Mac上使用Docker没有问题，这就是我认为它是关于Debian发行版的原因 . 我发现的一个区别是在VB Debian中安装了存储驱动程序“aufs”，在托管的中，既不是“aufs”也不是“overlay” .

这里有什么想法？我能做什么？

PS：我不认为问题与那个问题error starting docker daemon on ubuntu 14.04 (Devices cgroup isn't mounted)有关，因为它们没有存储驱动程序问题 .

编辑3：我试过这个：

root@v72089:~# cat  /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/00-execstart.conf
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --storage-driver aufs

root@v72089:~# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker
Job for docker.service failed. See 'systemctl status docker.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.

root@v72089:~# systemctl status docker.service
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled)
  Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
           └─00-execstart.conf
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2017-02-20 09:38:53 CET; 9s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
  Process: 29655 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 29655 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.185963477+01:00" level=error msg="'overlay' not found as a supported filesystem on this host. Please ensure kernel is new enough and has overlay support loaded."
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.187730948+01:00" level=error msg="'overlay' not found as a supported filesystem on this host. Please ensure kernel is new enough and has overlay support loaded."
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.192048419+01:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.00 seconds"
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.192821521+01:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support oom control"
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.192846291+01:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support memory swappiness"
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.192862149+01:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support kernel memory limit"
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.192872455+01:00" level=warning msg="Unable to find cpu cgroup in mounts"
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.192908839+01:00" level=warning msg="Unable to find cpuset cgroup in mounts"
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: time="2017-02-20T09:38:53.192954496+01:00" level=warning msg="mountpoint for pids not found"
Feb 20 09:38:53 v72089.1blu.de dockerd[29655]: Error starting daemon: Devices cgroup isn't mounted

root@v72089:~# dockerd --storage-driver overlay
INFO[0000] libcontainerd: new containerd process, pid: 29703
ERRO[0001] 'overlay' not found as a supported filesystem on this host. Please ensure kernel is new enough and has overlay support loaded.
Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported

root@v72089:~# find / -name overlay*
/lib/modules/4.9.0-0.bpo.1-amd64/kernel/fs/overlayfs
/lib/modules/4.9.0-0.bpo.1-amd64/kernel/fs/overlayfs/overlay.ko

root@v72089:~# dockerd --storage-driver aufs
INFO[0000] libcontainerd: new containerd process, pid: 29735
Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported

root@v72089:~# dockerd --storage-driver devicemapper
INFO[0000] libcontainerd: new containerd process, pid: 29785
Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported