369

使用MSSQL2005，如果我先截断子表（具有FK关系主键的表），是否可以截断具有外键约束的表？

我知道我也可以

使用没有where子句的 DELETE 然后使用 RESEED 身份（或）
删除FK，截断表，然后重新创建FK .

我认为只要我在父母之前截断子表，我就可以不用上面的任何一个选项，但是我收到了这个错误：

无法截断表'TableName'，因为它正由FOREIGN KEY约束引用 .

25 回答

11
好吧，因为我没有找到我使用的 very simple 解决方案的例子，这是：
- 删掉外键;
- 截断表
- 重新创建外键
在这里：

1）找到导致失败的外键名称（例如：FK_PROBLEM_REASON，字段 ID ，来自表 TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT ）2）从表中删除该键：
```
ALTER TABLE TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT DROP CONSTRAINT FK_PROBLEM_REASON
```
3）截断通缉表
```
TRUNCATE TABLE TABLE_TO_TRUNCATE
```
4）将密钥重新添加到第一个表：
```
ALTER TABLE TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT ADD CONSTRAINT FK_PROBLEM_REASON FOREIGN KEY(ID) REFERENCES TABLE_TO_TRUNCATE (ID)
```
而已 .
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
165
如果我理解正确，您要做的是为涉及集成测试的DB设置一个干净的环境 .

我的方法是删除整个模式并在以后重新创建它 .

理由：
- 您可能已经有了一个"create schema"脚本 . 重新使用它进行测试隔离很容易 .
- 创建架构非常快 .
- 使用这种方法，设置脚本以使每个夹具创建一个新模式（具有临时名称）非常容易，然后您可以开始并行运行测试夹具，使测试套件中最慢的部分更多快点 .
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
317
正确;你不能截断一个有FK约束的表 .

通常我的过程是：
- 删除约束
- 截断表格
- 重新创建约束 .
（当然，所有这些都在交易中 . ）

当然，这仅适用于孩子已被截断的情况 . 否则我会走另一条路，完全取决于我的数据 . （要进入此处的变量太多 . ）

原始海报确定了为什么会这样;有关详细信息，请参阅this answer .
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
2
```
DELETE FROM TABLENAME
DBCC CHECKIDENT ('DATABASENAME.dbo.TABLENAME',RESEED, 0)
```
请注意，如果您有数百万条记录，这可能不是您想要的，因为它非常慢 .
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
-6

因为 TRUNCATE TABLE 是DDL command，所以无法检查表中的记录是否被子表中的记录引用 .

这就是为什么 DELETE 工作而 TRUNCATE TABLE 没有被另一条记录引用的原因 .

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

-3

没有 ALTER TABLE

-- Delete all records
DELETE FROM [TableName]
-- Set current ID to "1"
-- If table already contains data, use "0"
-- If table is empty and never insert data, use "1"
-- Use SP https://github.com/reduardo7/TableTruncate
DBCC CHECKIDENT ([TableName], RESEED, [0|1])

作为存储过程

https://github.com/reduardo7/TableTruncate

Note 如果你有数百万条记录，这不是't probably what you' d，因为它非常慢 .

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

上面提供的解决方案@denver_citizen对我不起作用，但我喜欢它的精神所以我修改了一些东西：

使其成为存储过程
更改了填充和重新创建外键的方式
原始脚本截断所有引用的表，当引用的表具有其他外键引用时，这可能导致外键冲突错误 . 此脚本仅截断指定为参数的表 . 由用户决定以正确的顺序在所有表上多次调用此存储过程

为了公众的利益，这里有更新的脚本：

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[truncate_non_empty_table]

  @TableToTruncate                 VARCHAR(64)

AS 

BEGIN

SET NOCOUNT ON

-- GLOBAL VARIABLES
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)

DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)   
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)

        -- 1 = Will not execute statements 
 SET @Debug = 0
        -- 0 = Will not create or truncate storage table
        -- 1 = Will create or truncate storage table
 SET @Recycle = 0
        -- 1 = Will print a message on every step
 set @Verbose = 1

 SET @i = 1
    SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>]  WITH NOCHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
    SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
    SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'

-- Drop Temporary tables

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#FKs') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #FKs

-- GET FKs
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
       OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
       OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
       clm1.name as ColumnName, 
       OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
       clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
  INTO #FKs
  FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
       JOIN sys.columns clm1 
         ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id 
            AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
       JOIN sys.columns clm2
         ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id 
            AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
 --WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
 WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = @TableToTruncate
 ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)


-- Prepare Storage Table
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
   BEGIN
        IF @Verbose = 1
     PRINT '1. Creating Process Specific Tables...'

  -- CREATE STORAGE TABLE IF IT DOES NOT EXISTS
  CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] 
  (
   ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
   FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
   FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
   FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
   Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
  ) 
   END 
ELSE
   BEGIN
        IF @Recycle = 0
            BEGIN
                IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '1. Truncating Process Specific Tables...'

    -- TRUNCATE TABLE IF IT ALREADY EXISTS
    TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]    
      END
      ELSE
         PRINT '1. Process specific table will be recycled from previous execution...'
   END


IF @Recycle = 0
   BEGIN

  IF @Verbose = 1
     PRINT '2. Backing up Foreign Key Definitions...'

  -- Fetch and persist FKs             
  WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
   BEGIN
    SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)

    SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
    SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
    SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName) 

    INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
                        SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp

    SET @i = @i + 1

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > Backing up [' + @ConstraintName + '] from [' + @TableName + ']'

    END   
    END   
    ELSE 
       PRINT '2. Backup up was recycled from previous execution...'

       IF @Verbose = 1
     PRINT '3. Dropping Foreign Keys...'

    -- DROP FOREING KEYS
    SET @i = 1
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
          BEGIN
             SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)

    IF @Debug = 1 
       PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
       EXEC(@Statement)

    SET @i = @i + 1


    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > Dropping [' + @ConstraintName + ']'

             END     


    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '4. Truncating Tables...'

    -- TRUNCATE TABLES
-- SzP: commented out as the tables to be truncated might also contain tables that has foreign keys
-- to resolve this the stored procedure should be called recursively, but I dont have the time to do it...          
 /*
    SET @i = 1
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
          BEGIN

    SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)

    IF @Debug = 1 
       PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
       EXEC(@Statement)

    SET @i = @i + 1

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > ' + @Statement
          END
*/          


    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'

    IF @Debug = 1 
        PRINT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
    ELSE
        EXEC('TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']')


    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '5. Re-creating Foreign Keys...'

    -- CREATE FOREING KEYS
    SET @i = 1
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
          BEGIN
             SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)

    IF @Debug = 1 
       PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
       EXEC(@Statement)

    SET @i = @i + 1


    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > Re-creating [' + @ConstraintName + ']'

          END

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '6. Process Completed'


END

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

9
使用delete语句删除该表中的所有行后，使用以下命令
```
delete from tablename

DBCC CHECKIDENT ('tablename', RESEED, 0)
```
编辑：更正了SQL Server的语法
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
1
您可以按照此步骤操作，通过 reseeding table 可以删除表格的数据 .
```
delete from table_name
dbcc checkident('table_name',reseed,0)
```
如果出现一些错误，则必须重新设置主表 .
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

这是我编写的脚本，用于自动化该过程 . 我希望它有所帮助 .

SET NOCOUNT ON

-- GLOBAL VARIABLES
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)

DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)   
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)

        -- 1 = Will not execute statements 
 SET @Debug = 0
        -- 0 = Will not create or truncate storage table
        -- 1 = Will create or truncate storage table
 SET @Recycle = 0
        -- 1 = Will print a message on every step
 set @Verbose = 1

 SET @i = 1
    SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>]  WITH NOCHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
    SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
    SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'

-- Drop Temporary tables
DROP TABLE #FKs

-- GET FKs
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
       OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
       OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
       clm1.name as ColumnName, 
       OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
       clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
  INTO #FKs
  FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
       JOIN sys.columns clm1 
         ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id 
            AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
       JOIN sys.columns clm2
         ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id 
            AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
 WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
 ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)


-- Prepare Storage Table
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
   BEGIN
        IF @Verbose = 1
     PRINT '1. Creating Process Specific Tables...'

  -- CREATE STORAGE TABLE IF IT DOES NOT EXISTS
  CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] 
  (
   ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
   FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
   FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
   FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
   Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
  ) 
   END 
ELSE
   BEGIN
        IF @Recycle = 0
            BEGIN
                IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '1. Truncating Process Specific Tables...'

    -- TRUNCATE TABLE IF IT ALREADY EXISTS
    TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]    
      END
      ELSE
         PRINT '1. Process specific table will be recycled from previous execution...'
   END

IF @Recycle = 0
   BEGIN

  IF @Verbose = 1
     PRINT '2. Backing up Foreign Key Definitions...'

  -- Fetch and persist FKs             
  WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
   BEGIN
    SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)

    SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
    SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
    SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName) 

    INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
                        SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp

    SET @i = @i + 1

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > Backing up [' + @ConstraintName + '] from [' + @TableName + ']'

   END
    END   
    ELSE 
       PRINT '2. Backup up was recycled from previous execution...'

       IF @Verbose = 1
     PRINT '3. Dropping Foreign Keys...'

    -- DROP FOREING KEYS
    SET @i = 1
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
          BEGIN
             SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)

    IF @Debug = 1 
       PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
       EXEC(@Statement)

    SET @i = @i + 1

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > Dropping [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
             END     

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '4. Truncating Tables...'

    -- TRUNCATE TABLES
    SET @i = 1
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
          BEGIN
    SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)

    IF @Debug = 1 
       PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
       EXEC(@Statement)

    SET @i = @i + 1

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > ' + @Statement
          END

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '5. Re-creating Foreign Keys...'

    -- CREATE FOREING KEYS
    SET @i = 1
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
          BEGIN
             SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)

    IF @Debug = 1 
       PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
       EXEC(@Statement)

    SET @i = @i + 1

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '  > Re-creating [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
          END

    IF @Verbose = 1
       PRINT '6. Process Completed'

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

在网络上的其他地方找到

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'
-- EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?' -- Uncomment to execute
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

如果不删除约束，则无法截断表 . 禁用也不起作用 . 你需要放弃一切 . 我制作了一个删除所有约束的脚本，然后重新创建 .

一定要把它包装在一个交易中;）

SET NOCOUNT ON
GO

DECLARE @table TABLE(
RowId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1, 1),
ForeignKeyConstraintName NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintTableName NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName NVARCHAR(200)
)

INSERT INTO @table(ForeignKeyConstraintName, ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema, ForeignKeyConstraintTableName, ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName)
SELECT
U.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
U.TABLE_SCHEMA,
U.TABLE_NAME,
U.COLUMN_NAME
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE U
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS C
ON U.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE
C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'

UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintName = UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM
@table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS R
ON T.ForeignKeyConstraintName = R.CONSTRAINT_NAME

UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema = TABLE_SCHEMA,
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName = TABLE_NAME
FROM @table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS C
ON T.PrimaryKeyConstraintName = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME

UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName = COLUMN_NAME
FROM @table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE U
ON T.PrimaryKeyConstraintName = U.CONSTRAINT_NAME

--DROP CONSTRAINT:

DECLARE @dynSQL varchar(MAX);

DECLARE cur CURSOR FOR
SELECT
'
ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableName + ']
DROP CONSTRAINT ' + ForeignKeyConstraintName + '
'
FROM
@table

OPEN cur

FETCH cur into @dynSQL
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
BEGIN
    exec(@dynSQL)
    print @dynSQL

    FETCH cur into @dynSQL
END
CLOSE cur
DEALLOCATE cur
---------------------



   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!

    truncate table your_table

   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!

---------------------
--ADD CONSTRAINT:

DECLARE cur2 CURSOR FOR
SELECT
'
ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableName + ']
ADD CONSTRAINT ' + ForeignKeyConstraintName + ' FOREIGN KEY(' + ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName + ') REFERENCES [' + PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName + '](' + PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName + ')
'
FROM
@table

OPEN cur2

FETCH cur2 into @dynSQL
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
BEGIN
    exec(@dynSQL)

    print @dynSQL

    FETCH cur2 into @dynSQL
END
CLOSE cur2
DEALLOCATE cur2

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0; 

truncate table "yourTableName";

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

10
截断对我不起作用，删除重新种子是最好的出路 . 如果你们中的一些人需要迭代大量的表来执行删除重新设置，你可能会遇到一些没有表的问题 . 标识列，以下代码在尝试重新设定之前检查标识列是否存在
```
EXEC ('DELETE FROM [schemaName].[tableName]')
    IF EXISTS (Select * from sys.identity_columns where object_name(object_id) = 'tableName')
    BEGIN
        EXEC ('DBCC CHECKIDENT ([schemaName.tableName], RESEED, 0)')
    END
```
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

即使使用FK约束，以下内容也适用于我，并将以下答案组合到 only drop the specified tables ：

Transaction Automatic Rollback
Looping through comma-separated list
Executing Dynamic SQL (with table names from variable)
DELETE and RESEED table（在此主题中）

USE [YourDB];

DECLARE @TransactionName varchar(20) = 'stopdropandroll';

BEGIN TRAN @TransactionName;
set xact_abort on; /* automatic rollback https://stackoverflow.com/a/1749788/1037948 */
    -- ===== DO WORK // =====

    -- dynamic sql placeholder
    DECLARE @SQL varchar(300);

    -- LOOP: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10031803/1037948
    -- list of things to loop
    DECLARE @delim char = ';';
    DECLARE @foreach varchar(MAX) = 'Table;Names;Separated;By;Delimiter' + @delim + 'AnotherName' + @delim + 'Still Another';
    DECLARE @token varchar(MAX);
    WHILE len(@foreach) > 0
    BEGIN
        -- set current loop token
        SET @token = left(@foreach, charindex(@delim, @foreach+@delim)-1)
        -- ======= DO WORK // ===========

        -- dynamic sql (parentheses are required): https://stackoverflow.com/a/989111/1037948
        SET @SQL = 'DELETE FROM [' + @token + ']; DBCC CHECKIDENT (''' + @token + ''',RESEED, 0);'; -- https://stackoverflow.com/a/11784890
        PRINT @SQL;
        EXEC (@SQL);

        -- ======= // END WORK ===========
        -- continue loop, chopping off token
        SET @foreach = stuff(@foreach, 1, charindex(@delim, @foreach+@delim), '')
    END

    -- ===== // END WORK =====
-- review and commit
SELECT @@TRANCOUNT as TransactionsPerformed, @@ROWCOUNT as LastRowsChanged;
COMMIT TRAN @TransactionName;

Note:

我认为按照您希望删除的顺序声明表仍然有帮助（即首先杀死依赖项） . 如this answer所示，您可以用所有表替换循环特定名称

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?; DBCC CHECKIDENT (''?'',RESEED, 0);';

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

284

这是我对这个问题的解决方案 . 我用它来改变PK，但想法一样 . 希望这会有用）

PRINT 'Script starts'

DECLARE @foreign_key_name varchar(255)
DECLARE @keycnt int
DECLARE @foreign_table varchar(255)
DECLARE @foreign_column_1 varchar(255)
DECLARE @foreign_column_2 varchar(255)
DECLARE @primary_table varchar(255)
DECLARE @primary_column_1 varchar(255)
DECLARE @primary_column_2 varchar(255)
DECLARE @TablN varchar(255)

-->> Type the primary table name
SET @TablN = ''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    ------------------------------
--Here will be created the temporary table with all reference FKs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT 'Creating the temporary table'
select cast(f.name  as varchar(255)) as foreign_key_name
    , r.keycnt
    , cast(c.name as  varchar(255)) as foreign_table
    , cast(fc.name as varchar(255)) as  foreign_column_1
    , cast(fc2.name as varchar(255)) as foreign_column_2
    , cast(p.name as varchar(255)) as primary_table
    , cast(rc.name as varchar(255))  as primary_column_1
    , cast(rc2.name as varchar(255)) as  primary_column_2
    into #ConTab
    from sysobjects f
    inner join sysobjects c on  f.parent_obj = c.id 
    inner join sysreferences r on f.id =  r.constid
    inner join sysobjects p on r.rkeyid = p.id
    inner  join syscolumns rc on r.rkeyid = rc.id and r.rkey1 = rc.colid
    inner  join syscolumns fc on r.fkeyid = fc.id and r.fkey1 = fc.colid
    left join  syscolumns rc2 on r.rkeyid = rc2.id and r.rkey2 = rc.colid
    left join  syscolumns fc2 on r.fkeyid = fc2.id and r.fkey2 = fc.colid
    where f.type =  'F' and p.name = @TablN
 ORDER BY cast(p.name as varchar(255))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Cursor, below, will drop all reference FKs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @CURSOR CURSOR
/*Fill in cursor*/

PRINT 'Cursor 1 starting. All refernce FK will be droped'

SET @CURSOR  = CURSOR SCROLL
FOR
select foreign_key_name
    , keycnt
    , foreign_table
    , foreign_column_1
    , foreign_column_2
    , primary_table
    , primary_column_1
    , primary_column_2
    from #ConTab

OPEN @CURSOR

FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table,         @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2, 
                        @primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

    EXEC ('ALTER TABLE ['+@foreign_table+'] DROP CONSTRAINT ['+@foreign_key_name+']')

FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table, @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2, 
                         @primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2
END
CLOSE @CURSOR
PRINT 'Cursor 1 finished work'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Here you should provide the chainging script for the primary table
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PRINT 'Altering primary table begin'

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name

PRINT 'Altering finished'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Cursor, below, will add again all reference FKs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PRINT 'Cursor 2 starting. All refernce FK will added'
SET @CURSOR  = CURSOR SCROLL
FOR
select foreign_key_name
    , keycnt
    , foreign_table
    , foreign_column_1
    , foreign_column_2
    , primary_table
    , primary_column_1
    , primary_column_2
    from #ConTab

OPEN @CURSOR

FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table, @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2, 
                         @primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

    EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [' +@foreign_table+ '] WITH NOCHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [' +@foreign_key_name+ '] FOREIGN KEY(['+@foreign_column_1+'])
        REFERENCES [' +@primary_table+'] (['+@primary_column_1+'])')

    EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [' +@foreign_table+ '] CHECK CONSTRAINT [' +@foreign_key_name+']')

FETCH NEXT FROM @CURSOR INTO @foreign_key_name, @keycnt, @foreign_table, @foreign_column_1, @foreign_column_2, 
                         @primary_table, @primary_column_1, @primary_column_2
END
CLOSE @CURSOR
PRINT 'Cursor 2 finished work'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT 'Temporary table droping'
drop table #ConTab
PRINT 'Finish'

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

对于 MS SQL ，至少是较新的版本，您可以使用以下代码禁用约束：

ALTER TABLE Orders
NOCHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Orders_dbo.Customers_Customer_Id]
GO

TRUNCATE TABLE Customers
GO

ALTER TABLE Orders
WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Orders_dbo.Customers_Customer_Id]
GO

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

-3
如果这些答案都不像我的情况那样有效：
- 删除约束
- 设置所有值以允许空值
- 截断表
- 添加已删除的约束 .
祝好运！
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

我写了以下几种方法并试图对它们进行参数化，所以 you can 在 Query document 或 Make a useful SP with them easily 中运行它们 .

A）删除

If 你的 table has not millions of records 这很好用 hasn't any Alter commands ：

---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------- Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @DbName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'MyDb'         --< Db Name
DECLARE @Schema AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'dbo'          --< Schema
DECLARE @TableName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Book'      --< Table Name
------------------ /Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------

DECLARE @Query AS NVARCHAR(500) = 'Delete FROM ' + @TableName

EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query
SET @Query=@DbName+'.'+@Schema+'.'+@TableName
DBCC CHECKIDENT (@Query,RESEED, 0)

在我的上述答案中，解决问题中提到的问题的方法是基于@ s15199d的答案 .

B）截断

If 您的表 has millions of records 或者您的代码中的 Alter command 没有任何问题，请使用以下代码：

--   Book                               Student
--
--   |  BookId  | Field1 |              | StudentId |  BookId  |
--   ---------------------              ------------------------ 
--   |    1     |    A   |              |     2     |    1     |  
--   |    2     |    B   |              |     1     |    1     |
--   |    3     |    C   |              |     2     |    3     |  

---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------- Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @DbName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'MyDb'
DECLARE @Schema AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'dbo'
DECLARE @TableName_ToTruncate AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Book'

DECLARE @TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Student' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @Ref_ColumnName_In_TableName_ToTruncate AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'BookId' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @FK_ColumnName_In_TableOfOwnerOfConstraint AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Fk_BookId' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @FK_ConstraintName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'FK_Book_Constraint'                --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
------------------ /Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------

DECLARE @Query AS NVARCHAR(2000)

SET @Query= 'ALTER TABLE '+@TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint+' DROP CONSTRAINT '+@FK_ConstraintName
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query

SET @Query= 'Truncate Table '+ @TableName_ToTruncate
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query

SET @Query= 'ALTER TABLE '+@TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint+' ADD CONSTRAINT '+@FK_ConstraintName+' FOREIGN KEY('+@FK_ColumnName_In_TableOfOwnerOfConstraint+') REFERENCES '+@TableName_ToTruncate+'('+@Ref_ColumnName_In_TableName_ToTruncate+')'
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query

在我的上述答案中，解决问题中提到的问题的方法是基于@LauroWolffValenteSobrinho的回答 . 如果您有多个CONSTRAINT，那么您应该像我一样将其代码附加到上面的查询中 . 您还可以更改上面的代码库@SerjSagan，以禁用启用约束

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

3

在SSMS中，我打开了图表，显示了密钥 . 删除密钥并截断文件后，我刷新然后重新关注图表并通过清除然后恢复身份框创建更新 . 保存图表会显示一个“保存”对话框，而不是“在工作地点时对数据库进行了更改”对话框，单击“是”将“还原”键从图中的锁定副本还原 .

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
-3
如果你在任何频率上这样做，甚至按计划进行，我会 absolutely, unequivocally never use a DML statement. 写入事务日志的成本只是高，并将整个数据库设置为 SIMPLE 恢复模式以截断一个表是荒谬的 .

不幸的是，最好的方法是艰苦或艰苦的方式 . 那是：
- 删除约束
- 截断表
- 重新创建约束
我这样做的过程包括以下步骤：
- 在SSMS中右键单击相关表，然后选择“查看依赖关系”
- 记下引用的表格（如果有的话）
- 返回对象资源管理器，展开“密钥”节点并记下外键（如果有）
- 开始编写脚本（删除/截断/重新创建）
这种性质的脚本应该在 begin tran 和 commit tran 块内完成 .
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
4

你可以试试 DELETE FROM <your table >; .

服务器将显示限制名称和表格，删除该表格可以删除所需内容 .

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
1
我刚刚发现只要先禁用 child 表上的约束，就可以在父表上使用TRUNCATE表，并对子进行外键约束 . 例如 .

子表上的外键CONSTRAINT child_par_ref，引用PARENT_TABLE
```
ALTER TABLE CHILD_TABLE DISABLE CONSTRAINT child_par_ref;
TRUNCATE TABLE CHILD_TABLE;
TRUNCATE TABLE PARENT_TABLE;
ALTER TABLE CHILD_TABLE ENABLE CONSTRAINT child_par_ref;
```
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
17

最简单的方法：
1 - 输入phpmyadmin
2 - 单击左列中的表名称
3 - 单击操作（顶层菜单）
4 - 单击“清空表格（TRUNCATE）”
5 - 禁用框"Enable foreign key checks"
6 - 完成！

链接到图像教程
Tutorial: http://www.imageno.com/wz6gv1wuqajrpic.html
（抱歉，我没有足够的声誉来上传图片：P）

回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00
4
```
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
TRUNCATE table1;
TRUNCATE table2;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;
```
参考 - truncate foreign key constrained table

在MYSQL为我工作
回复于 2024-04-26T15:35:18+08:00

无法截断表，因为它是由FOREIGN KEY约束引用的？

25 回答

理由：

作为存储过程

A）删除

B）截断

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