在Java中发送HTTP POST请求-Java 学习之路

问题

我们假设这个URL ...

http://www.example.com/page.php?id=10

(这里需要在POST请求中发送id)

我想将id = 10发送到服务器的page.php，它在POST方法中接受它。

我怎样才能从Java中做到这一点？

我试过这个：

URL aaa = new URL("http://www.example.com/page.php");
URLConnection ccc = aaa.openConnection();

但我仍然无法弄清楚如何通过POST发送它

#1 热门回答(258 赞)

###更新的答案：

由于原始答案中的某些类在较新版本的Apache HTTP Components中已弃用，因此我发布此更新。

顺便说一句，你可以访问完整文档以获取更多示例here。

HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://www.a-domain.com/foo/");

// Request parameters and other properties.
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(2);
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param-1", "12345"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param-2", "Hello!"));
httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8"));

//Execute and get the response.
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

if (entity != null) {
    InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
    try {
        // do something useful
    } finally {
        instream.close();
    }
}

###原始答案：

我建议使用Apache HttpClient。它更快，更容易实现。

PostMethod post = new PostMethod("http://jakarata.apache.org/");
NameValuePair[] data = {
    new NameValuePair("user", "joe"),
    new NameValuePair("password", "bloggs")
};
post.setRequestBody(data);
// execute method and handle any error responses.
...
InputStream in = post.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// handle response.

有关更多信息，请查看此网址：http://hc.apache.org/

#2 热门回答(124 赞)

在vanilla Java中发送POST请求很容易。从aURL开始，我们需要将其转换为aURLConnectionusingurl.openConnection();。之后，我们需要将其转换为aHttpURLConnection，因此我们可以访问其setRequestMethod()方法来设置我们的方法。我们最后说我们将通过连接发送数据。

URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com/login");
URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection)con;
http.setRequestMethod("POST"); // PUT is another valid option
http.setDoOutput(true);

然后我们需要说明我们要发送的内容：

##发送一个简单的表单

来自http表单的普通POST有一个well defined格式。我们需要将输入转换为以下格式：

Map<String,String> arguments = new HashMap<>();
arguments.put("username", "root");
arguments.put("password", "sjh76HSn!"); // This is a fake password obviously
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner("&");
for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : arguments.entrySet())
    sj.add(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8") + "=" 
         + URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
byte[] out = sj.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
int length = out.length;

然后，我们可以使用正确的标头将表单内容附加到http请求并发送它。

http.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(length);
http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
http.connect();
try(OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream()) {
    os.write(out);
}
// Do something with http.getInputStream()

##发送JSON

我们也可以使用java发送json，这也很简单：

byte[] out = "{\"username\":\"root\",\"password\":\"password\"}" .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
int length = out.length;

http.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(length);
http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");
http.connect();
try(OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream()) {
    os.write(out);
}
// Do something with http.getInputStream()

请记住，不同的服务器接受json的不同内容类型，请参阅this问题。

##使用java post发送文件

由于格式更复杂，因此可以认为发送文件更具挑战性。我们还将添加支持将文件作为字符串发送，因为我们不希望将文件完全缓冲到内存中。

为此，我们定义了一些辅助方法：

private void sendFile(OutputStream out, String name, InputStream in, String fileName) {
    String o = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + URLEncoder.encode(name,"UTF-8") 
             + "\"; filename=\"" + URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8") + "\"\r\n\r\n";
    out.write(o.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
    for (int n = 0; n >= 0; n = in.read(buffer))
        out.write(buffer, 0, n);
    out.write("\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}

private void sendField(OutputStream out, String name, String field) {
    String o = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" 
             + URLEncoder.encode(name,"UTF-8") + "\"\r\n\r\n";
    out.write(o.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    out.write(URLEncoder.encode(field,"UTF-8").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    out.write("\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}

然后，我们可以使用这些方法创建一个多部分发布请求，如下所示：

String boundary = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
byte[] boundaryBytes = 
           ("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
byte[] finishBoundaryBytes = 
           ("--" + boundary + "--").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", 
           "multipart/form-data; charset=UTF-8; boundary=" + boundary);

// Enable streaming mode with default settings
http.setChunkedStreamingMode(0); 

// Send our fields:
try(OutputStream out = http.getOutputStream()) {
    // Send our header (thx Algoman)
    out.write(boundaryBytes);

    // Send our first field
    sendField(out, "username", "root");

    // Send a seperator
    out.write(boundaryBytes);

    // Send our second field
    sendField(out, "password", "toor");

    // Send another seperator
    out.write(boundaryBytes);

    // Send our file
    try(InputStream file = new FileInputStream("test.txt")) {
        sendFile(out, "identification", file, "text.txt");
    }

    // Finish the request
    out.write(finishBoundaryBytes);
}


// Do something with http.getInputStream()

#3 热门回答(90 赞)

String rawData = "id=10";
String type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
String encodedData = URLEncoder.encode( rawData, "UTF-8" ); 
URL u = new URL("http://www.example.com/page.php");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection();
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type", type );
conn.setRequestProperty( "Content-Length", String.valueOf(encodedData.length()));
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(encodedData.getBytes());

原文链接

在Java中发送HTTP POST请求

问题

#1 热门回答(258 赞)

#2 热门回答(124 赞)

#3 热门回答(90 赞)

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