在轴外移动matplotlib图例会使其被图框切断

3 回答

• 250

  对不起EMS，但实际上我从matplotlib mailling列表中得到了另一个回复（感谢Benjamin Root） .

  我正在寻找的代码是将savefig调用调整为：

  fig.savefig('samplefigure', bbox_extra_artists=(lgd,), bbox_inches='tight')
  #Note that the bbox_extra_artists must be an iterable
  

  这显然类似于调用tight_layout，但您允许savefig在计算中考虑额外的艺术家 . 事实上，这确实根据需要调整了数字框的大小 .

  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  import numpy as np
  
  plt.gcf().clear()
  x = np.arange(-2*np.pi, 2*np.pi, 0.1)
  fig = plt.figure(1)
  ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
  ax.plot(x, np.sin(x), label='Sine')
  ax.plot(x, np.cos(x), label='Cosine')
  ax.plot(x, np.arctan(x), label='Inverse tan')
  handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
  lgd = ax.legend(handles, labels, loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5,-0.1))
  text = ax.text(-0.3,1, "test", transform=ax.transAxes)
  ax.set_title("Trigonometry")
  ax.grid('on')
  fig.savefig('samplefigure', bbox_extra_artists=(lgd,text), bbox_inches='tight')
  

  这会产生：https://imgur.com/xzd8G87

  回复于 2024-05-13T16:08:48+08:00
• 13

  Added: 我发现了一些应该立即行动的技巧，但下面的其余代码也提供了另一种选择 .

  使用 subplots_adjust() 函数向上移动子图的底部：

  fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2) # <-- Change the 0.02 to work for your plot.
  

  然后使用图例命令的图例 bbox_to_anchor 部分中的偏移量进行播放，以获得所需的图例框 . 设置 figsize 和使用 subplots_adjust(bottom=...) 的某些组合应为您生成质量图 .

  Alternative: 我只是更改了一行：

  fig = plt.figure(1)
  

  至：

  fig = plt.figure(num=1, figsize=(13, 13), dpi=80, facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
  

  并改变了

  lgd = ax.legend(loc=9, bbox_to_anchor=(0.5,0))
  

  至

  lgd = ax.legend(loc=9, bbox_to_anchor=(0.5,-0.02))
  

  它在我的屏幕上显示得很好（一台24英寸的CRT显示器） .

  这里 figsize=(M,N) 将图形窗口设置为M英寸×N英寸 . 只要玩这个，直到它看起来适合你 . 将其转换为更具伸缩性的图像格式，并在必要时使用GIMP进行编辑，或者在包含图形时使用LaTeX viewport 选项进行裁剪 .

  回复于 2024-05-13T16:08:48+08:00
• 19

  这是另一个非常手动的解决方案 . 您可以定义轴的大小，并相应地考虑填充（包括图例和刻度） . 希望它对某人有用 .

  示例（轴大小相同！）：

  

  码：

  #==================================================
  # Plot table
  
  colmap = [(0,0,1) #blue
           ,(1,0,0) #red
           ,(0,1,0) #green
           ,(1,1,0) #yellow
           ,(1,0,1) #magenta
           ,(1,0.5,0.5) #pink
           ,(0.5,0.5,0.5) #gray
           ,(0.5,0,0) #brown
           ,(1,0.5,0) #orange
           ]
  
  
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  import numpy as np
  
  import collections
  df = collections.OrderedDict()
  df['labels']        = ['GWP100a\n[kgCO2eq]\n\nasedf\nasdf\nadfs','human\n[pts]','ressource\n[pts]'] 
  df['all-petroleum long name'] = [3,5,2]
  df['all-electric']  = [5.5, 1, 3]
  df['HEV']           = [3.5, 2, 1]
  df['PHEV']          = [3.5, 2, 1]
  
  numLabels = len(df.values()[0])
  numItems = len(df)-1
  posX = np.arange(numLabels)+1
  width = 1.0/(numItems+1)
  
  fig = plt.figure(figsize=(2,2))
  ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
  for iiItem in range(1,numItems+1):
    ax.bar(posX+(iiItem-1)*width, df.values()[iiItem], width, color=colmap[iiItem-1], label=df.keys()[iiItem])
  ax.set(xticks=posX+width*(0.5*numItems), xticklabels=df['labels'])
  
  #--------------------------------------------------
  # Change padding and margins, insert legend
  
  fig.tight_layout() #tight margins
  leg = ax.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(1.02, 1), borderaxespad=0)
  plt.draw() #to know size of legend
  
  padLeft   = ax.get_position().x0 * fig.get_size_inches()[0]
  padBottom = ax.get_position().y0 * fig.get_size_inches()[1]
  padTop    = ( 1 - ax.get_position().y0 - ax.get_position().height ) * fig.get_size_inches()[1]
  padRight  = ( 1 - ax.get_position().x0 - ax.get_position().width ) * fig.get_size_inches()[0]
  dpi       = fig.get_dpi()
  padLegend = ax.get_legend().get_frame().get_width() / dpi 
  
  widthAx = 3 #inches
  heightAx = 3 #inches
  widthTot = widthAx+padLeft+padRight+padLegend
  heightTot = heightAx+padTop+padBottom
  
  # resize ipython window (optional)
  posScreenX = 1366/2-10 #pixel
  posScreenY = 0 #pixel
  canvasPadding = 6 #pixel
  canvasBottom = 40 #pixel
  ipythonWindowSize = '{0}x{1}+{2}+{3}'.format(int(round(widthTot*dpi))+2*canvasPadding
                                              ,int(round(heightTot*dpi))+2*canvasPadding+canvasBottom
                                              ,posScreenX,posScreenY)
  fig.canvas._tkcanvas.master.geometry(ipythonWindowSize) 
  plt.draw() #to resize ipython window. Has to be done BEFORE figure resizing!
  
  # set figure size and ax position
  fig.set_size_inches(widthTot,heightTot)
  ax.set_position([padLeft/widthTot, padBottom/heightTot, widthAx/widthTot, heightAx/heightTot])
  plt.draw()
  plt.show()
  #--------------------------------------------------
  #==================================================
  

  回复于 2024-05-13T16:08:48+08:00