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2D线性插值:数据和插值点

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考虑这个y(x)函数:

我们可以在文件中生成这些散点: dataset_1D.dat

# x   y   
0   0
1   1
2   0
3   -9
4   -32

以下是这些点的1D插值代码:

  • 加载此分散点

  • 创建 x_mesh

  • 执行1D插值

码:

import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp2d, interp1d, interpnd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# Load the data:    
x, y  = np.loadtxt('./dataset_1D.dat', skiprows = 1).T

# Create the function Y_inter for interpolation:
Y_inter = interp1d(x,y)

# Create the x_mesh:    
x_mesh = np.linspace(0, 4, num=10)
print x_mesh

# We calculate the y-interpolated of this x_mesh :   
Y_interpolated = Y_inter(x_mesh)
print Y_interpolated

# plot:

plt.plot(x_mesh, Y_interpolated, "k+")
plt.plot(x, y, 'ro')
plt.legend(['Linear 1D interpolation', 'data'], loc='lower left',  prop={'size':12})
plt.xlim(-0.1, 4.2)
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.show()

这包括以下内容:

现在,考虑这个z(x,y)函数:

我们可以在文件中生成这些散点: dataset_2D.dat

# x    y    z
0   0   0
1   1   0
2   2   -4
3   3   -18
4   4   -48

在这种情况下,我们必须执行2D插值:

import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d, interp2d, interpnd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

# Load the data:
x, y, z  = np.loadtxt('./dataset_2D.dat', skiprows = 1).T

# Create the function Z_inter for interpolation:
Z_inter = interp2d(x, y, z)

# Create the x_mesh and y_mesh :
x_mesh = np.linspace(1.0, 4, num=10)
y_mesh = np.linspace(1.0, 4, num=10)
print x_mesh
print y_mesh

# We calculate the z-interpolated of this x_mesh and y_mesh :
Z_interpolated = Z_inter(x_mesh, y_mesh)
print Z_interpolated
print type(Z_interpolated)
print Z_interpolated.shape

# plot: 
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.scatter(x, y, z, c='r', marker='o')
plt.legend(['data'], loc='lower left',  prop={'size':12})
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')

plt.show()

这包括以下内容:

其中散点数据再次以红点显示,与2D图一致 .

  • 我不知道如何解释 Z_interpolated 结果:

根据上述代码的印刷线, Z_interpolated 是形状为(10,10)的n维numpy阵列 . 换句话说,具有10行和10列的2D矩阵 .

我原本期望为 x_mesh[i]y_mesh[i] 的每个值插值 z[i] 为什么我没有收到这个?

  • 我怎么能在3D绘图中绘制插值数据(就像2D绘图中的黑色十字架一样)?

2 回答

  • 1

    您需要两个插值步骤 . 第一个在y数据之间进行插值 . 第二个插值在z数据之间 . 然后使用两个插值数组绘制 x_mesh .

    x_mesh = np.linspace(0, 4, num=16)
    
    yinterp = np.interp(x_mesh, x, y)
    zinterp = np.interp(x_mesh, x, z)
    
    ax.scatter(x_mesh, yinterp, zinterp, c='k', marker='s')
    

    在下面的完整示例中,我在y方向上添加了一些变化,以使解决方案更加通用 .

    u = u"""# x    y    z
    0   0   0
    1   3   0
    2   9   -4
    3   16   -18
    4   32   -48"""
    
    import io
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
    
    # Load the data:
    x, y, z  = np.loadtxt(io.StringIO(u), skiprows = 1, unpack=True)
    
    x_mesh = np.linspace(0, 4, num=16)
    
    yinterp = np.interp(x_mesh, x, y)
    zinterp = np.interp(x_mesh, x, z)
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = Axes3D(fig)
    ax.scatter(x_mesh, yinterp, zinterp, c='k', marker='s')
    ax.scatter(x, y, z, c='r', marker='o')
    plt.legend(['data'], loc='lower left',  prop={'size':12})
    ax.set_xlabel('x')
    ax.set_ylabel('y')
    ax.set_zlabel('z')
    
    plt.show()
    

    对于使用 scipy.interpolate.interp1d ,解决方案基本相同:

    u = u"""# x    y    z
    0   0   0
    1   3   0
    2   9   -4
    3   16   -18
    4   32   -48"""
    
    import io
    import numpy as np
    from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
    
    # Load the data:
    x, y, z  = np.loadtxt(io.StringIO(u), skiprows = 1, unpack=True)
    
    x_mesh = np.linspace(0, 4, num=16)
    
    fy = interp1d(x, y, kind='cubic')
    fz = interp1d(x, z, kind='cubic')
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = Axes3D(fig)
    ax.scatter(x_mesh, fy(x_mesh), fz(x_mesh), c='k', marker='s')
    ax.scatter(x, y, z, c='r', marker='o')
    plt.legend(['data'], loc='lower left',  prop={'size':12})
    ax.set_xlabel('x')
    ax.set_ylabel('y')
    ax.set_zlabel('z')
    
    plt.show()
    
  • 1

    解释 Z_interpolated :您的1-D x_meshy_mesh 定义了mesh on which to interpolate . 因此,您的2-D插值返回 z 是具有与 np.meshgrid(x_mesh, y_mesh) 匹配的形状(len(y),len(x))的2D数组 . 如您所见,您的z [i,i]而不是z [i]是 x_mesh[i]y_mesh[i] 的预期值 . 它只是有更多,网格上的所有值 .

    显示所有插值数据的潜在图表:

    from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    from scipy.interpolate import interp2d
    
    # Your original function
    x = y = np.arange(0, 5, 0.1)
    xx, yy = np.meshgrid(x, y)
    zz = 2 * (xx ** 2) - (xx ** 3) - (yy ** 2)
    
    # Your scattered points
    x = y = np.arange(0, 5)
    z = [0, 0, -4, -18, -48]
    
    # Your interpolation
    Z_inter = interp2d(x, y, z)
    x_mesh = y_mesh = np.linspace(1.0, 4, num=10)
    Z_interpolated = Z_inter(x_mesh, y_mesh)
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
    # Plot your original function
    ax.plot_surface(xx, yy, zz, color='b', alpha=0.5)
    # Plot your initial scattered points
    ax.scatter(x, y, z, color='r', marker='o')
    # Plot your interpolation data
    X_real_mesh, Y_real_mesh = np.meshgrid(x_mesh, y_mesh)
    ax.scatter(X_real_mesh, Y_real_mesh, Z_interpolated, color='g', marker='^')
    plt.show()
    

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