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使用TensorFlow和Keras进行图像分类

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from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
from keras.layers import Activation, Dropout, Flatten, Dense
from keras import backend as K


# dimensions of our images.
img_width, img_height = 150, 150


train_data_dir = 'flowers/train'
validation_data_dir = 'flowers/validation'
nb_train_samples = 2500
nb_validation_samples = 1000
epochs = 20
batch_size = 50


if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':
    input_shape = (3, img_width, img_height)
else:
    input_shape = (img_width, img_height, 3)


model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), input_shape=input_shape))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))


model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3)))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))


model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3)))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))


model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(64))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(5))
model.add(Activation('softmax'))


model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              optimizer='rmsprop',
              metrics=['accuracy'])


# this is the augmentation configuration we will use for training
train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
    rescale=1. / 255,
    shear_range=0.2,
    zoom_range=0.2,
    horizontal_flip=True)

# this is the augmentation configuration we will use for testing:
# only rescaling
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1. / 255)

train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(
    train_data_dir,
    target_size=(img_width, img_height),
    batch_size=batch_size,
    class_mode='categorical')


validation_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(
    validation_data_dir,
    target_size=(img_width, img_height),
    batch_size=batch_size,
    class_mode='categorical')


model.fit_generator(
    train_generator,
    steps_per_epoch=nb_train_samples // batch_size,
    epochs=epochs,
    validation_data=validation_generator,
    validation_steps=nb_validation_samples // batch_size)


model.save_weights('first_flowers_try.h5')

我们训练了这个模型来分类5个图像类 . 我们为每个类使用了500个图像来训练模型,并为每个类使用200个图像来验证模型 . 我们在tensorflow后端使用了keras . 它使用的数据可以在以下网址下载:https://www.kaggle.com/alxmamaev/flowers-recognition

在我们的设置中,我们:

  • 创建了一个数据/文件夹

  • 在数据中创建了train /和validation /子文件夹/

  • 在火车里面创建雏菊/,蒲公英/,玫瑰/,向日葵/和郁金香/子文件夹/验证/

  • 将500张图像放在每个数据/火车/雏菊,蒲公英,玫瑰,向日葵和郁金香中

  • 将200个图像放在每个数据/验证/雏菊,蒲公英,玫瑰,向日葵和郁金香中 . 因此,我们每个类有500个训练样例,每个类有200个验证示例 .

我们如何使用这种训练模型预测/测试和识别另一个图像?

3 回答

  • 2

    您必须从保存它们的文件 model.load_weights() . 然后,您将获得需要预测的示例图像并调用 model.predict( [sample_image] ) 并使用返回的结果作为预测 .

  • 0

    根据keras' documentation,您必须使用 predict(self, x, batch_size=None, verbose=0, steps=None) . 由于您在最后一层使用Softmax作为激活函数,因此将返回每个类的概率 . 如果你只想要最可能的课程,你必须选择概率最高的课程:

    class_list = [class1, class2, class3, class4, class5] #A list of your classes
    model.load_weights('first_flowers_try.h5') #Loads the saved weights
    predicted_vector = model.predict(path_to_your_new_image) #Vector with the prob of each class
    print(class_list[np.argmax(predicted_vector)) #Prints ellement with highest prob
    

    现在,关于获取class_list,你可以试试这个:

    import os
    class_list = os.listdir('train')
    class_list = sorted(class_list)
    

    如果这有效,请告诉我 .

  • 1

    像训练一样构建模型

    model = Sequential()
    model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), input_shape=input_shape))
    model.add(Activation('relu'))
    model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
    
    
    model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3)))
    model.add(Activation('relu'))
    model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
    
    
    model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3)))
    model.add(Activation('relu'))
    model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
    
    
    model.add(Flatten())
    model.add(Dense(64))
    model.add(Activation('relu'))
    model.add(Dropout(0.5))
    model.add(Dense(5))
    model.add(Activation('softmax'))
    
    
    model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
                  optimizer='rmsprop',
                  metrics=['accuracy'])
    

    从磁盘加载模型的权重

    model.load_weights('first_flowers_try.h5')
    

    加载新图片 . 因为我们只使用一个图像,所以我们必须扩展dims - 添加另一个维度 .

    from keras.preprocessing import image
    
    img_path = 'path_to_your_new_image'
    #img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(224, 224)) # if a you want a spesific image size
    img = image.load_img(img_path)
    x = image.img_to_array(img)
    x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)
    x = x*1./255 #rescale as training
    

    做预测

    prediction = model.predict(x) #Vector with the prob of each class
    

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