如何在Python中更改目录（cd）？-Java 学习之路

542

cd 如在shell命令中更改工作目录 .

如何在Python中更改当前工作目录？

14 回答

如果您使用的是相对较新版本的Python，您还可以使用上下文管理器，例如this one：

from __future__ import with_statement
from grizzled.os import working_directory

with working_directory(path_to_directory):
    # code in here occurs within the directory

# code here is in the original directory

UPDATE

如果你喜欢自己动手：

import os
from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def working_directory(directory):
    owd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(directory)
        yield directory
    finally:
        os.chdir(owd)

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

263
您可以使用以下命令更改工作目录：
```
import os

os.chdir(path)
```
使用此方法时，有两个最佳做法：
- 在无效路径上捕获异常（WindowsError，OSError） . 如果抛出异常，请不要执行任何递归操作，尤其是破坏性操作 . 它们将在旧路上运行而不是新路径 .
- 完成后返回旧目录 . 这可以通过将chdir调用包装在上下文管理器中以异常安全的方式完成，就像Brian M. Hunt在_762518中所做的那样 .
更改子进程中的当前工作目录不会更改父进程中的当前工作目录 . 对于Python解释器也是如此 . 您不能使用 os.chdir() 来更改调用进程的CWD .
回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

590

以下是更改工作目录的上下文管理器示例 . 它比其他地方提到的更为简单，但这可以完成工作 .

上下文管理器：cd

import os

class cd:
    """Context manager for changing the current working directory"""
    def __init__(self, newPath):
        self.newPath = os.path.expanduser(newPath)

    def __enter__(self):
        self.savedPath = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(self.newPath)

    def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
        os.chdir(self.savedPath)

或者使用ContextManager尝试more concise equivalent(below) .

示例

import subprocess # just to call an arbitrary command e.g. 'ls'

# enter the directory like this:
with cd("~/Library"):
   # we are in ~/Library
   subprocess.call("ls")

# outside the context manager we are back wherever we started.

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

1
我会像这样使用 os.chdir ：
```
os.chdir("/path/to/change/to")
```
顺便说一下，如果你需要弄清楚你当前的路径，请使用 os.getcwd() .

更多here
回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

使用生成器和装饰器很容易编写 cd() .

from contextlib import contextmanager
import os

@contextmanager
def cd(newdir):
    prevdir = os.getcwd()
    os.chdir(os.path.expanduser(newdir))
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        os.chdir(prevdir)

然后，即使抛出异常，该目录也会被还原：

os.chdir('/home')

with cd('/tmp'):
    # ...
    raise Exception("There's no place like home.")
# Directory is now back to '/home'.

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

87

os.chdir() 是正确的方法 .

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

128

正如其他人已经指出的那样，上述所有解决方案只会改变当前进程的工作目录 . 当您退回到Unix shell时，这会丢失 . 如果绝望你 can 用这个可怕的黑客改变Unix上的父shell目录：

def quote_against_shell_expansion(s):
    import pipes
    return pipes.quote(s)

def put_text_back_into_terminal_input_buffer(text):
    # use of this means that it only works in an interactive session
    # (and if the user types while it runs they could insert characters between the characters in 'text'!)
    import fcntl, termios
    for c in text:
        fcntl.ioctl(1, termios.TIOCSTI, c)

def change_parent_process_directory(dest):
    # the horror
    put_text_back_into_terminal_input_buffer("cd "+quote_against_shell_expansion(dest)+"\n")

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

-5

os.chdir() 是 cd 的Pythonic版本 .

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00
22
进一步指向Brian指出的方向并基于sh（1.0.8）
```
from sh import cd, ls

cd('/tmp')
print ls()
```
回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00
6

如果您想执行类似“cd ..”选项的操作，只需键入：

os.chdir("..")

它与Windows cmd中相同：cd ..当然 import os 是必要的（例如将其键入代码的第1行）

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00
11
```
#import package
import os

#change directory
os.chdir('my_path')

#get location 
os.getcwd()
```
此外，最好在OS包中检查所有其他有用的命令https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html
回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00
4
```
import os

abs_path = 'C://a/b/c'
rel_path = './folder'

os.chdir(abs_path)
os.chdir(rel_path)
```
您可以将它们与os.chdir（abs_path）或os.chdir（rel_path）一起使用，不需要调用os.getcwd（）来使用相对路径 .
回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

更改脚本进程的当前目录是微不足道的 . 我认为问题实际上是如何更改调用python脚本的命令窗口的当前目录，这是非常困难的 . Windows中的Bat脚本或Bash shell中的Bash脚本可以使用普通的cd命令执行此操作，因为shell本身就是解释器 . 在Windows和Linux中，Python是一个程序，没有程序可以直接更改其父级环境 . 然而，简单的shell脚本与执行大多数硬件的Python脚本的组合可以实现期望的结果 . 例如，要创建带有遍历/转发/选择重访的遍历历史的扩展cd命令，我编写了一个由简单的bat脚本调用的相对复杂的Python脚本 . 遍历列表存储在文件中，目标目录位于第一行 . 当python脚本返回时，bat脚本读取文件的第一行并使其成为cd的参数 . 完整的bat脚本（减去评论简洁）是：

if _%1 == _. goto cdDone
if _%1 == _? goto help
if /i _%1 NEQ _-H goto doCd
:help
echo d.bat and dSup.py 2016.03.05. Extended chdir.
echo -C = clear traversal list.
echo -B or nothing = backward (to previous dir).
echo -F or - = forward (to next dir).
echo -R = remove current from list and return to previous.
echo -S = select from list.
echo -H, -h, ? = help.
echo . = make window title current directory.
echo Anything else = target directory.
goto done

:doCd
%~dp0dSup.py %1
for /F %%d in ( %~dp0dSupList ) do (
    cd %%d
    if errorlevel 1 ( %~dp0dSup.py -R )
    goto cdDone
)
:cdDone
title %CD%
:done

python脚本dSup.py是：

import sys, os, msvcrt

def indexNoCase ( slist, s ) :
    for idx in range( len( slist )) :
        if slist[idx].upper() == s.upper() :
            return idx
    raise ValueError

# .........main process ...................
if len( sys.argv ) < 2 :
    cmd = 1 # No argument defaults to -B, the most common operation
elif sys.argv[1][0] == '-':
    if len(sys.argv[1]) == 1 :
        cmd = 2 # '-' alone defaults to -F, second most common operation.
    else :
        cmd = 'CBFRS'.find( sys.argv[1][1:2].upper())
else :
    cmd = -1
    dir = os.path.abspath( sys.argv[1] ) + '\n'

# cmd is -1 = path, 0 = C, 1 = B, 2 = F, 3 = R, 4 = S

fo = open( os.path.dirname( sys.argv[0] ) + '\\dSupList', mode = 'a+t' )
fo.seek( 0 )
dlist = fo.readlines( -1 )
if len( dlist ) == 0 :
    dlist.append( os.getcwd() + '\n' ) # Prime new directory list with current.

if cmd == 1 : # B: move backward, i.e. to previous
    target = dlist.pop(0)
    dlist.append( target )
elif cmd == 2 : # F: move forward, i.e. to next
    target = dlist.pop( len( dlist ) - 1 )
    dlist.insert( 0, target )
elif cmd == 3 : # R: remove current from list. This forces cd to previous, a
                # desireable side-effect
    dlist.pop( 0 )
elif cmd == 4 : # S: select from list
# The current directory (dlist[0]) is included essentially as ESC.
    for idx in range( len( dlist )) :
        print( '(' + str( idx ) + ')', dlist[ idx ][:-1])
    while True :
        inp = msvcrt.getche()
        if inp.isdigit() :
            inp = int( inp )
            if inp < len( dlist ) :
                print( '' ) # Print the newline we didn't get from getche.
                break
        print( ' is out of range' )
# Select 0 means the current directory and the list is not changed. Otherwise
# the selected directory is moved to the top of the list. This can be done by
# either rotating the whole list until the selection is at the head or pop it
# and insert it to 0. It isn't obvious which would be better for the user but
# since pop-insert is simpler, it is used.
    if inp > 0 :
        dlist.insert( 0, dlist.pop( inp ))

elif cmd == -1 : # -1: dir is the requested new directory.
# If it is already in the list then remove it before inserting it at the head.
# This takes care of both the common case of it having been recently visited
# and the less common case of user mistakenly requesting current, in which
# case it is already at the head. Deleting and putting it back is a trivial
# inefficiency.
    try:
        dlist.pop( indexNoCase( dlist, dir ))
    except ValueError :
        pass
    dlist = dlist[:9] # Control list length by removing older dirs (should be
                      # no more than one).
    dlist.insert( 0, dir ) 

fo.truncate( 0 )
if cmd != 0 : # C: clear the list
    fo.writelines( dlist )

fo.close()
exit(0)

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

11

为了便于交互使用，ipython内置了所有常见的shell命令 .

回复于 2024-04-27T06:35:38+08:00

如何在Python中更改目录（cd）？

14 回答

上下文管理器：cd

示例

相关问题